Liver Physiology

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When the liver breaks down glycogen, what is released into the bloodstream?

Amino acids
Glucose (correct)
Triglycerids
Lactic acid

What is the primary function of lipoproteins synthesized by hepatocytes?

To generate ATP
To break down fatty acids
To store triglycerids and cholesterol
To transport fatty acids, triglycerids, and cholesterol to body cells (correct)

What is the process by which the liver converts amino acids, lactic acid, and glycerol to glucose?

Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis (correct)
Fatty acid synthesis
Protein synthesis

When blood glucose levels are high, what does the liver convert glucose to?

Glycogen and triglycerids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in maintaining normal blood glucose levels?

To break down glycogen and release glucose into the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hepatocytes in lipid metabolism?

To synthesize and store triglycerids and cholesterol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in the duodenum?

To neutralize the gastric acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct?

Right and left hepatic ducts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sphincter of Oddi?

To control the flow of bile into the duodenum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of primary bile acids?

They are synthesized by the liver from cholesterol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of bile?

Water, bile pigments, bile salts, and lecithin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of bile from the hepatocytes to the duodenum?

Hepatocytes → canaliculi → bile ductules → bile ducts → duodenum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver?

Secretion of bile (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of the liver in an average adult?

1.4 kg (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that includes the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts?

Hepatobiliary system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the liver in the abdominal cavity?

Below the diaphragm, on the right side of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellowish pigment produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin?

Bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes?

Jaundice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the space of Disse?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between sinusoids and hepatocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of oxygenated blood for the liver?

Hepatic artery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of bile secreted by hepatocytes?

7.6-8.6 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

To act as macrophages and kill bacteria through phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated daily volume of bile secretion by hepatocytes?

1 liter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the liver in terms of blood circulation?

To filter the blood and remove potentially harmful substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in terms of detoxification of blood?

Acting as a filter to clear the blood through phagocytosis and chemical modification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bilirubin in obstructive jaundice?

It is water-soluble and appears in the urine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of obstructive jaundice on the stools?

They become light-colored (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Kupffer cells in the liver?

To undergo phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the conversion of ammonia to urea in the liver?

Production of less toxic substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of corticosteroid-binding globulin synthesized by the liver?

To transport corticosteroids (A) Signup and view all the answers