Liver Diseases: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and HCC

Which broad category of hepatic injury directly contributes to the formation of esophageal varices?

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the irreversible replacement of normal liver tissue with non-functional scar tissue?

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?

Which of the following complications of cirrhosis directly leads to an increased risk of bleeding due to platelets getting trapped in the spleen?

What is the underlying cause of caput medusae in patients with cirrhosis?

What is the primary goal of treatment for alcoholic hepatitis?

Which type of viral hepatitis is most likely to lead to chronic hepatitis?

Which of the following is a rare, but recognized, sign and symptom of Hepatitis A?

In the context of Hepatitis B infection, what does a positive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test indicate?

A patient with known cirrhosis presents with jaundice, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the following conditions is most likely contributing to these clinical signs?

Which of the following best describes the underlying process of cirrhosis?

Which of the following is a common complication of cirrhosis that can lead to cognitive impairment and altered levels of consciousness?

A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. Which physiological mechanism directly contributes to the formation of ascites in this condition?

What laboratory findings would be most indicative of cirrhosis?

Which of the following signs and symptoms is associated with portal hypertension in cirrhosis?

Which of the following signs and symptoms is more related to declining liver function?

What is the likely underlying cause of spider telangiectasia (spider angiomas) seen in patients with cirrhosis?

What is the primary treatment strategy for alcoholic hepatitis?

A male patient with cirrhosis exhibits gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and thinning of armpit hair. What hormonal imbalance is most likely contributing to these findings?

Why is digital clubbing seen in some patients with cirrhosis?

What is the role of diuretics in managing cirrhosis?

Which of the following is the most direct consequence of portal hypertension?

What underlying condition most commonly leads to portal hypertension?

If portal hypertension is left untreated, what can it lead to?

What is the primary aim of using medications like beta-blockers in the treatment of portal hypertension?

What is the underlying mechanism behind the formation of esophageal varices?

A patient diagnosed with esophageal varices is prescribed beta-blockers. What is the intended therapeutic effect of this medication in this context?

What is the most immediate life-threatening risk associated with esophageal varices?

How does increased BP in the portal vein lead to hepatic encephalopathy?

Which substance, when elevated in the bloodstream due to liver dysfunction, directly contributes to the development of hepatic encephalopathy?

What are early signs of hepatic encephalopathy?

What dietary modification is typically recommended in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy to reduce ammonia production?

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is prescribed lactulose. What is the mechanism of action of lactulose in treating this condition?

What causes Jaundice?

In which scenario does bilirubin filtered from the blood cannot drain properly into the bile ducts or digestive tract to be passed out of the body

What is fulminant hepatitis?

What type(s) of hepatitis can progress to fulminant hepatitis if it's of that/those strains?

Which of the following describes Hepatitis?

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through which route:

Which of the following statements is true regarding hepatitis A?

Which hepatitis is transmitted via blood and body fluids?

Which of the following is used for diagnosis of Hepatitis B?

What preventative measure is most effective in reducing the risk of hepatitis B infection?

What is true of individuals who are 'healthy carriers' of hepatitis B?

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

Which factor increases the likelihood of developing hepatitis C?

A patient is diagnosed with Hepatitis D. What other hepatitis virus must this patient also have?

What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis E?

Which patient population faces the greatest risk of severe complications from hepatitis E?

What is the gold standard for treatment of Hepatitis?

What is a common symptom of alcoholic hepatitis?

How is chronic hepatitis defined?

Which of the following viruses is most commonly responsible for chronic hepatitis?

How does MASH develop?

What are the main treatments for MASH?

What is a sign and symptom of HCC?

Which of the following represents the typical prognosis for an individual diagnosed with cirrhosis who does not undergo a liver transplant?

Which laboratory finding is commonly associated with cirrhosis due to the decreased functionality of the liver?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of portal hypertension?

What is a key element in the pathogenesis of caput medusae in individuals with portal hypertension?

Which of the following is a serious risk factor that is a consequence of esophageal varices?

What is the primary component in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy?

Which dietary adjustment is most appropriate to minimizing the effects of hepatic encephalopathy?

Which assessment finding is indicative of jaundice?

When considering the etiology of jaundice, which scenario represents a posthepatic cause?

What characteristics define fulminant hepatitis, distinguishing it from other forms of hepatitis?

Which acute viral hepatitis types can progress to fulminant hepatitis?

Which is a description of Hepatitis?

Hepatitis A is usually transmitted into a new host through which route?

A characteristic to Hepatitis A is:

Which of the following is true regarding hepatitis B's mode of transmission?

When diagnosing Hepatitis B, what factor would be analyzed?

What action best reduces the risk of contracting hepatitis B?

What may occur in 'healthy carriers' of hepatitis B?

How is hepatitis C typically transmitted?

Which activity significantly elevates the risk of contracting hepatitis C?

What action is needed to contract Hepatitis D?

What is the primary mechanism of Hepatitis E transmission?

Which group demonstrates a risk of developing a severe from of Hepatitis E?

When is massage contraindicated for acute viral hepatitis?

Which process is most crucial for treating acute viral hepatitis?

What is the recommended course of action with hepatitis A, B, and/or E?

Can hep B, D, and/or E require specific treatments to fully overcome the hepatitis strain?

What is the recommended amount of drinks to consume per week?

A typical sign and symptom associated with alcoholic hepatitis is:

What is the most effective treatment for Alcoholic Hepatitis?

How long does inflammation typically last for a person to characterized as having 'Chronic Hepatitis'?

What are common causes of chronic conditions?

Select a sign and symptom that can arise as a result of chronic hepatitis:

What is the first step a doctor will do when they suspect a chronic Hepatitis?

What can be effective when treating a chronic Hepatitis infection?

What percentage typically turns into cirrhosis from MASH?

What is the main route for treating MASH in the population?

What vague sign may indicate Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)?

Which factor primarily dictates the appropriateness of massage for a patient with cirrhosis?

In the progression of liver disease, what directly precedes the development of cirrhosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)?

What is the MOST likely consequence if esophageal varices remain untreated?

What aspect needs to be considered when you may apply massage to someone with esophageal varices?

Digital clubbing is sometimes seen in patients with cirrhosis. Existing research suggests it involves increased vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor or an altered estrogen/testosterone ratio, but the underlying mechanisms is:

How long does liver inflammation has to last in order for it to be categorized as 'Chronic Hepatitis'?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be associated with portal hypertension?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding treatment for acute viral hepatitis?

If a person has co-infection of hep B with D, what would that indicate?

What is the MOST important aspect of treatment for alcoholic hepatitis?

Which of the following is accurate of a chronic viral hepatitis patient?

What is pathologically found in alcoholic hepatitis?

Which population faces the greatest risk of complication from hepatitis E?

Early in the infection stage, what are the typical Symptoms associated with Hepatitis B?

Which of the following chronic conditions will have the greatest risk of cirrhosis?

Compared to Hepatitis B, how is Hepatitis C transmitted?

Which of the following infections requires a previous infection in order to acquire it?

How should any abdominal massages be performed if a patient has portal hypertension?

Which of the following signs or symptoms is more typically associated with symptoms related to portal hypertension, rather than declining liver function?

What signs shows the progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to NASH to cirrhosis?

What is a key characteristic differentiating simple hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) from MASH?

Which of the following best describes the 'two-hit' model in the pathophysiology of MASH?

A patient with MASH is MOST likely to exhibit clinical findings related to which co-existing condition?

What percentage of MASH cases progress to cirrhosis?

Which of the following is a primary treatment strategy for Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)?

How does the initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically manifest?

What is the MOST effective preventative measure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

Which chronic hepatitis infections require annual screening for liver cancer?

What histological finding is characteristic of alcoholic hepatitis?

In patients with cirrhosis, what is the primary rationale for implementing a low sodium diet?

For hepatitis treatment, which approach addresses the underlying triggers of Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Which symptom suggests the transition between MASH and progressing to cirrhosis?

Which factor influences appropriateness of massage with viral hepatitis?

As for general concerns with viral hepatitis, what is the length required to pass without fever for a better massage condition?

What lifestyle choice would most need consideration by a therapist prior to treating a client?

How can you categorize appropriate usage time frame with alcohol consumption

How long must liver inflammation last to be considered chronic hepatitis?

What is required when someone has chronic Hepatitis B?

A patient presents with fatty liver, hepatocyte ballooning, and lobular inflammation. Which condition is most likely?

When administering abdominal massage, what aspect MOST needs attention? (Assume patient safety has already been addressed)

What indicates an important symptom of the icteric phase of Hepatitis B infection?

Which Hepatitis strain is MOST likely to develop into a chronic condition?

What is the MAIN treatment option for patients that have already contracted Hepatitis C

What statement regarding portal hypertension needs to take into account in order to massage?

Ascites, jaundice, and splenomegaly are primarily associated with which broad category of hepatic injury?

A patient with known cirrhosis develops dark urine, fatigue, and greasy, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea). What is the MOST likely underlying cause of these symptoms?

Which symptom is MOST likely related to portal hypertension rather than declining liver function, and should be considered before massaging?

Small yellow nodules especially around the eyes, or xanthelasma, are associated specifically with:

Which sign is commonly associated in Hep B but can also appear in Hep C infections?

Following the convalescent stage where viral antigens disappear and immune antibodies appear, which description would be MOST accurate?

What is the leading cause of liver disease within US borders?

Which Hepatitis strains have a vaccine present in the market and are commonly recommended for those with high risk?

Which symptoms are apparent during acute stage?

Alcohol hepatitis is MOST associated with damage to which site?

In relationship with other risk factors, the highest chance for people to develop chronic condition has

What is MOST likely required in order to resolve an alcoholic hepatitis infection overall?

In what region within the body is pain MOST likely if problems with Gallbladder function arise?

When testing, which choice can the doctor order to find out the severity of your hepatitis?

When determining whether any Hep A,B,C,D,E will turn into a chronic condition, how much does Genetic makeup effect the decision? (Low, Somewhat, High, Does not contribute)

Which of the following Hepatitis strains require the co-infection of Hep B, in order?

What description can help indicate for fulminant hepatitis?

Due to its transmission route, which population should exercise extra caution regarding the risk of hepatitis E?

Which of the following describes the progression that leads to cirrhosis as a result of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)?

What is the MOST likely underlying cause for the presence of ascites, jaundice, and splenomegaly in a patient?

What is a key characteristic to Hepatitis A?

What is the primary rationale for recommending a low-sodium diet to individuals with cirrhosis?

In the context of acute viral hepatitis, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding vaccination?

Which factor increases the risk of alcoholic hepatitis?

For a client with cirrhosis, what assessment details would be MOST important to gather before providing massage therapy?

What is the primary characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy?

A patient is suspected of having chronic hepatitis. What action would be MOST definitive in DIAGNOSING the conditions?

Following the progression of Hepatitis B infection, which description would be considered MOST accurate during the convalescent phase?

Which statement regarding portal hypertension must a massage therapist consider when working on a client?

What is the major symptom that may result in the transition of MASLD to Cirrhosis?

What is the typical means of getting Hepatitis A?

During the icteric phase of hepatitis B infection, what would a patient exhibit?

How many standard drinks per week is considered to be too much alcohol consumption, per the information given?

What is a common EARLY sign and symptom associated with alcoholic hepatitis?

What is a characteristic associated with hepatitis C?

What is a key aspect to keep in mind regarding viral hepatitis and massage therapy?

What sign(s) and symptom(s) are more related to a decline in liver function?

Which factor has the HIGHEST association in developing a chronic condition.

Which of the following factors is the MOST important determining factor when applying massage to a patient?

When considering Hepatitis B, what does a blood test for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) indicate?

While diagnosing the severity of fulminant hepatitis, which symptom(s) can you expect?

What is occurring when a patient is affected by jaundice?

When a patient is suspected of having portal hypertension, which sign or symptom would be displayed?

If a patient has Esophageal Varices, which of the following points is MOST important to consider?

What is a known method of action required to contract Hep D?

Which is a recommendation for acute viral hepatitis?

When approaching a case of MASLD, what should the doctor be looking for primarily?

What sign or symptom is MOST likely related to portal hypertension, rather than declining liver function?

While dealing with Hep C infections, what is the percentage of chronic infections that occur as a result

In treating Alcoholic Hepatitis, what is MOST important?

When testing to determine the source of a Hepatitis virus, what can the doctor order?

From a massage therapist's perspective, what should be initially discussed with a client that mentions their alcohol intake is high?

For individuals with chronic hepatitis, which action is recommended to screen for liver cancer?

When dealing with a Hep B with Hep D infection, what does that typically mean?

How does the transmission of Hepatitis C primarily occur?

In patients with cirrhosis, what is a primary comfort measure to be taken during a session?

What pathophysiological process underlies the development of ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

Which diagnostic finding is MOST indicative of the progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)?

Which of the following explains why a patient with cirrhosis may develop splenomegaly?

How does the pathophysiology of MASH increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

What is the underlying rationale for the use of lactulose in the management of hepatic encephalopathy?

Which of the following best describes the 'two-hit' hypothesis in the context of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)?

Why is it important for individuals with chronic hepatitis B to undergo regular screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

In the context of cirrhosis, which complication is most directly associated with a risk of life-threatening hemorrhage?

What is the rationale behind recommending a low-sodium diet to patients with cirrhosis and ascites?

Which of the following histological findings is MOST suggestive of alcoholic hepatitis?

If a patient has Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D, what is the primary concern?

For a patient with cirrhosis, what massage considerations should a massage therapist be aware of?

Which of these options are required to contract Hepatitis D?

What typically happens after someone has Hepatitis A?

A client in their early 30s has been a heavy drinker for many years. They're now experiencing early symptoms of liver dysfunction. This client is MOST likely dealing with which disease?

For most people with acute viral hepatitis, what is the typical treatment plan?

What happens if a person continues to drink alcohol when diagnosed with Alcoholic Hepatitis?

Following the convalescent stage of hepatitis B, what happens to a person's blood?

Which of the following is a risk factor for contracting Hepatitis C?

A patient presents with fatty liver, hepatocyte ballooning and lobular inflammation. Which condition corresponds with these symptoms?