Liver and Pancreas Conditions

Liver Cirrhosis Initial Signs

• Observe for a Gonadal atrophy in initial assessment

Liver Cirrhosis Key Points

• Liver damage can result from nutritional deficiency due to decreased protein intake
• Cirrhosis can occur in individuals who consume alcohol
• Men are more at risk than women for developing alcohol-induced liver disease

Interventions to AVOID for Liver Cirrhosis with itchiness and jaundice

• Avoid the use of commercial soaps and alcohol-based lotions

Diet for early-stage Liver Cirrhosis

• Should be high in carbohydrates and low in sodium

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Adverse Effect Watch Out

• Hyperkalemia

Anticipated Serum Lab Results for Pancreatitis:

• Increased serum lipase and amylase

Pancreatitis Key Symptoms

• Abdominal and back pain with tenderness
• Pain unrelieved by intake of antacids
• Mid-epigastric pain with acute onset after heavy meals

Best diagnostic test to confirm Pancreatitis Diagnosis:

• Endoscopic ultrasonography

Priority Nursing intervention for clients with acute Pancreatitis

• Administer IV fluids to replace lost Electrolytes.

Biggest Safety Alert to Monitor in Acute Pancreatitis Clients

• Respiratory Distress

Post Cholecystectomy Immediate Attention Needed For

• Urine output of 100 mL in the past 3 hours

Anticipated Assessment finding for UGIS

• Chalky white stools

Lab result indicates chronic inflammation for Cholecystitis

• Elevated WBC count

The Primary Purpose of Attaching a T-Tube After Gallbladder Surgery

• Prevent leakage of bile into the peritoneum

Priority Nursing Diagnosis for Alexander Post Surgery

• Impaired Gas Exchange

Assessment Finding for AAA

• Pulsatile abdominal mass
• Systolic bruit over the area of the mass
• Subjective sensation of "heart beating" in the abdomen

Sounds to Listen to if AAA is Present

• Bruit

Most Frequent Site For AAA

• Distal to the renal arteries

Priority Action if Lower Back Pain is Reported

• Notify the physician

Symptoms indicating AAA

• Severe back pain
• Decreased blood pressure
• Decreased RBC count
• Increased WBC count

Proper Warfarin administration

• Maximum dosage is not achieved until 3 to 4 days after starting the medication
• Effects of the drug continue 4 to 5 days after discontinuing the medication
• Blood levels should be tested periodically

Oral Hygiene Key Points

• Do not place the patient on his back with a small pillow under their head when performing oral care

Transferring Paraplegic Patients

• Do not slide the patient in order to move them up in bed

Effective Approach for Mood Swings Post-Stroke

• Sit quietly with the patient until the crying episode is over

Preventing Joint Defomities in Hemiplegic Patients

• Place a pillow in the axilla so the arm is away from the body
• Insert a pillow under the slightly flexed arm so the hand is higher than the elbow
• Place a hand cone so the fingers are barely flexed

Commonly Observed Signs and Symptoms of Appendicitis

• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Appendicitis: Anticipated Findings

• Diarrhea or acute constipation
• Abdominal guarding

If the Appendicitis Pain Disappears Suspect this:

• Appendix has ruptured

Preoperative Nursing Care: Appendectomy

• Assess bowel activity by listening to abdominal distention and auscultating bowel sounds

Action By Nurse for a Child Awaiting Surgery

• Give clear liquids

Highest Priorities for ER Arrival with Head Injury

• Establish an airway

Respiratory Signs That Suggest Rising Intracranial Pressure in the Brainstem

• Slow, Irregular Respiration

Symptoms of Rising Intracranial Pressure

• Unequal pupil size

The best position for a neurological patient

• Elevate the head to 30 to 45 degrees

Initial Neurological Decline Indication

• Decrease in the level of consciousness

Patient Scenario Post Billroth II Procedure Best Explanation

• The procedure results in anastomosis of the gastric stump to the jejunum

Action the Nurse Questions Post Billroth II Procedure

• Irrigating the nasogastric tube

Dumping Syndrome

• Diaphoresis
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness

Cause of having Sweating and heart palpitations

• An Extracellular Fluid Shift in the Bowel

Prevent Dumping Syndrome

• Limit the fluids taken with meals

Clinical Signs of Perforated Peptic Ulcer

• Sudden Severe Abdominal Pain with Rigid Abdomen

Increase Risk of Gastric Ulcer

• Chronic NSAID use for osteoarthritis

The Immediate Nursing Intervention Priority

• Maintain NPO status and prepare for emergency surgery.

Prevention of Ulcer Recurrence

• Eating small, frequent meals and avoid caffeine and alcohol

The combination of drugs included triple therapy regimen

• A Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics

Appropriate recommendation for a patient recovering from acute diverticulitis:

• Low-fiber diet followed by a gradual transition to a high-fiber diet

Primary goal of ABX when treating acute diverticulitis

• Reduce inflammation and prevent bacterial infection from spreading

Warning Sign of Perforation

• Sudden Severe Abdominal Pain With A Rigid Abdomen

Dietary Modifications to help prevent GERD symptoms

• Avoiding fatty, spicy, and acidic foods while eating small, frequent meals

Sleeping Position

• Elevating The Head Of The Bed By 6-8 Inches.

Indication That Further Education On GERD Management Is Needed

• Wearing tight-fitting clothes to support the abdomen

Medication That The Nurse Expects To Be Prescribed As a First-Line Treatment for GERD

• A Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI).

Teaching A Patient Asking How To Avoid Lying Down Immediately After Eating

• It allows gastric acid to flow back into your esophagus, worsening reflux symptoms"

Diseases that are the cause of death

• Cardiovascular diseases

Damage Caused by Blocked Coronary Arteries

• Inferior

Where Inflammation occurs when a patient is diagnosed with Pericarditis

• The think fibrous sac encasing the heart

Heart Attack

• Decrease oxygen demand on the client’s hears

Where Is The Erb Point

• It is the second intercostal space and just to the left of the sternum

About Cardiac Catheterization

• Asses how blocked or open a patient's coronary arteries are

Nurse Priority Before the Procedure

• Allergies to iodine based agents

Patient May Experience

• A flushed feeling may be noted when the contrast dye is injected

Closely Monitor

• Slurred speech and confusion

The nurse prioritizes measures to safeguard her kidneys prior

• Assess for allergies to iodine
• Administer intravenous fluids
• Assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine Results

The nurse’s priority is to ask James on which of the following questions

• Have you been consistently taking your medications

The nurse recognizes that, in contrast, urgencies emergencies are characterized by

• Hypertensive emergencies are associated with evidence of target organ damage

The nurse expects that James will receive

• Sodium Nitroprusside (nitropress)

As recalled, is to

• Decrease the mean arterial pressure between 20% and 25% in the first hour of treatment

Should the nurse prioritize reporting the following to the healthcare provider

• The patient cannot move the left arm and leg when asked to do so

Omit From The Discussion

• Blood flow to the heart has stopped'

That Additional Clarification Is Needed

• They