LITR 102: Introduction to Literature
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Questions and Answers

A teacher presenting literary works in chronological order to provide historical context is primarily applying which approach?

  • Impressionistic Approach
  • Historical Approach (correct)
  • Psychological Approach
  • Sociological Approach

Which literary approach emphasizes the reader's personal and subjective reaction to a text, unconditioned by external explanations?

  • Sociological Approach
  • Historical Approach
  • Psychological Approach
  • Impressionistic Approach (correct)

If a literary critic analyzes a novel by examining the author's personal experiences and suppressed desires reflected in the protagonist's actions, which approach are they employing?

  • Sociological Approach
  • Historical Approach
  • Impressionistic Approach
  • Psychological Approach (correct)

Which approach to literature primarily interprets texts as reflections of social conditions, economic disparities, and class conflicts?

<p>Sociological Approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A literary analysis that focuses on how a novel portrays the struggle between the working class and the wealthy elite aligns with which literary approach?

<p>Sociological Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following literary elements refers to the sequence of events in a story?

<p>Plot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What literary element describes the location and time in which a story takes place?

<p>Setting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary element refers to the overall feeling or atmosphere created in a story which evokes certain emotions or states of mind in the reader?

<p>Mood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A novel that critiques the existing social hierarchy and advocates for a more egalitarian society primarily demonstrates which value of literature?

<p>Political value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reading a poem inspires a feeling of awe and wonder at the intricacies of the natural world. Which value of literature is most evident here?

<p>Artistic value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A play set during World War II prompts the audience to reflect on the impact of the war on individual lives and the broader sweep of 20th-century history. Which value is primarily at play here?

<p>Historical value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An allegorical novel explores the nature of good and evil and the limitations of human understanding. Which value does it most clearly exemplify?

<p>Philosophical value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A short story prompts a discussion on the fairness of a legal system and the responsibilities of citizens within a community. Which value is being highlighted?

<p>Ethical Value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A comedic novel, designed purely for escapism and amusement, primarily serves which literary value?

<p>Entertainment value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A work of fiction explores the traditions, beliefs, and social structures of a specific community. Which type of literary value is most evident?

<p>Cultural value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fable teaches readers about the importance of honesty and integrity through the story of a shepherd boy. Which value of literature is showcased in the fable?

<p>Moral value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An author uses literary elements in their writing. Which of the following options best describes 'theme' in literature?

<p>The central idea or underlying meaning of a story. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is LEAST emphasized when defining literature according to the provided definitions?

<p>Adherence to specific qualities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A playwright includes instructions for the actors and designers. What are these instructions typically called?

<p>Stage directions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In poetry, what literary device governs the rhythm and length of lines to create a specific flow?

<p>Meter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the definition of literature were solely based on the etymology of the Latin word 'litera', which of the following would MOST likely be classified as literature?

<p>A short text post on social media. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authors use many techniques in their work. Which option defines 'description' in writing?

<p>Aiming to vividly represent a person, place, or thing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a piece of writing that is exceptionally well-written but lacks a compelling narrative or emotional depth. How would Hancock (2006) MOST likely classify this piece?

<p>As definitive literature due to its compositional excellence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

C.S. Lewis's quote suggests literature does more than describe daily life, but instead:

<p>Enriches the necessary competencies, adding value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What literary device involves the recurrence of sounds in words, particularly at the end of poetic lines?

<p>Rhyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the literary device known as 'repetition'?

<p>Repeating words, phrases, lines, or stanzas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would Encarta (2009) MOST likely view a factual news report that simply states events without any emotional expression or character development?

<p>As non-literature due to the lack of artistic elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST demonstrates how literature, as described by C.S. Lewis, 'irrigates the deserts' of our lives?

<p>Engaging with a poem that evokes a sense of empathy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a play, novel or movie, what is the term for a conversation between two or more characters?

<p>Dialogue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call a group of lines in a poem, arranged together as a unit?

<p>Stanza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a song with simple lyrics but a powerful emotional impact due to its melody and performance. Would this BEST fit the definition of literature?

<p>Potentially, depending on the literary merit of the lyrics alone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A historian writes a biography that meticulously recounts the events of a famous person’s life, using sophisticated language and detailed descriptions, but avoids any personal interpretation or emotional expression. According to the definitions provided, would this biography be considered literature?

<p>Potentially, depending on whether the arrangement demonstrates art. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A literary work that encourages readers to contemplate the boundaries of human understanding and how knowledge is obtained primarily aligns with what type of value?

<p>Epistemological Value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a teacher aims to use literature to instill principles of right and wrong, which value of literature should they prioritize when selecting texts?

<p>Moral Value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reading a novel prompts a reader to deeply consider the complexities and potential consequences of choices related dilemmas, what is the primary value experienced?

<p>Ethical Value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A literary critic analyzes a poem by focusing solely on its rhyme scheme, meter, and imagery, disregarding its historical context or moral implications. Which approach is the critic utilizing?

<p>Formalistic Approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A teacher wants to explore how a novel reflects the societal norms, traditions, and beliefs of the time it was written. Which approach would be most suitable for this purpose?

<p>Cultural Approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary approach emphasizes the importance of portraying humans as rational beings with intellect and free will, and examines the ethical dimensions of human behavior depicted in the work?

<p>Moral and Humanistic Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a literary scholar examines a novel to understand how the social and political conditions of the time influenced its themes and characters, which approach are they employing?

<p>Historical Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In analyzing a play, a critic argues that the protagonist's downfall is a direct result of societal injustices prevalent during the time the play was written. Which approach is the critic primarily using?

<p>Historical Approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Literature

Written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.

Etymological Definition of Literature

From the Latin 'litera,' meaning letters. It generally refers to written works.

Merriam-Webster's Definition of Literature

A broad range of written work without prescribed qualities.

Hancock's Definition of Literature

Written works characterized by intricate craftsmanship in writing.

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Encarta's Definition of Literature

Narrative and expressive works skillfully using language to tell stories and convey emotions.

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C.S. Lewis on Literature

It enriches necessary competencies and irrigates the deserts of our lives

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Impressionistic Approach

An approach that views literature by elucidating the reader's personal and relative response, focusing on the overall impact of the piece.

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Literature's Enrichment

Literature adds depth and meaning, enriching our understanding of life beyond simple descriptions.

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Psychological Approach

An approach that interprets literature as an expression of the author's personality, inner drives, or neuroses, as well as the psychology of characters and creation.

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Timeless merit in Literature

The ability of texts to produce lasting artistic merit.

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Sociological Approach

An approach that views literature as an expression of individuals within a social context, often focusing on economic discussions and class conflict, emphasizing social relevance and communication with readers.

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Characters

The individuals or creatures that participate in the events of a story.

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Values of literature

The worth or importance of a piece of literature that makes it enjoyable or valuable to read.

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Entertainment Value

The value of literature that provides enjoyment and fun to the reader.

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Plot

The sequence of occurrences or actions that constitute a narrative.

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Political Value

The value of literature to influence viewpoints or encourage action.

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Mood

The emotional atmosphere or overall feeling evoked in the reader by a story.

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Artistic Value

The value of literature that inspires reflection on beauty and creative expression.

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Setting

The setting in which a story unfolds, including the period, place, and environment.

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Cultural Value

The value of literature allowing consideration of the author's context and setting.

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Historical Value

The value of literature that prompts reflection on how time passes and society develops.

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Philosophical Value

The value of literature prompting the consideration of the limits of what humans can know.

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Epistemological Value (Literature)

Provokes readers to consider the limits of human knowledge and how it's acquired.

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Moral Value (Literature)

Provides an opportunity to learn a lesson about right and wrong.

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Ethical Value (Literature)

Prompts you to consider difficult questions about right and wrong with no easy answers.

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Cultural Approach

Literature as manifestation of a culture's traditions.

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Formalistic Approach

Focuses on literary elements, effective values, ideational values, technical values and total effects.

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Moral and Humanistic Approach

Focuses on how literature presents humans as rational beings with intellect and free will.

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Historical Approach

Considers literature as reflecting the society and time it was written in.

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Historical Approach

Man as a reflection of society or nation.

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Theme

The central idea or underlying message about life that an author conveys in a literary work.

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Meter

The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that create the rhythm in a line of poetry.

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Rhyme

The correspondence of sounds between words or their endings, often used at the end of lines in poetry.

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Repetition

The act of repeating words, phrases, lines, or stanzas within a literary work for emphasis or effect.

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Stage Directions

Instructions in the script of a play that describe actions, movements, scenery, and character emotions.

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Description

A vivid and detailed representation of a person, object, place, or event using sensory details.

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Dialogue

Conversation between characters in a book, play, or movie.

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Study Notes

  • LITR 102 focuses on ASEAN Literature
  • Instructor is Mr. Ar-Jay D. Cabasisi

Literature Introduction

  • Considers the following questions:
    • What is literature?
    • What are the characteristics a literary piece must possess?
    • How to determine if a written text is literature?
    • Can we create one comprehensible and agreed-upon answer for all of these questions?

Definitions of Literature

  • The Latin word "litera" means letters
  • Literature's definition is ambiguous with varied interpretations

Varying Interpretations of Literature

  • Merriam-Webster's Dictionary 11th Edition:
    • Provides a broad understanding of literature
    • Suggests literature includes a wide range of written work
    • States that literature does not prescribe specific qualities
  • Hancock (2006):
    • Defines literature focusing on qualities that distinguish it from other works
    • Emphasizes compositional excellence
    • Suggests intricate craftsmanship characterizes literature
  • Encarta (2009):
    • Emphasizes the narrative and expressive dimension
    • Highlights skillful use of language for storytelling
    • Highlights depiction of characters in conflict or convey emotions/ideas through artfully arranged images

Values of Literature

  • Features of a written work that make it worthwhile to read are "values of literature"
  • Entertainment Value: Reading a piece of literature allows fun
  • Political Value: Reading a piece causes someone to behave or think differently
  • Artistic Value: Reading literature encourages reflection on beauty and human creation
  • Cultural Value: Reading literature prompts consideration of the author's setting and historical context
  • Historical Value: Reading literature prompts thinking about the passage of time, society's development, and the world as it is
  • Philosophical Value: A work of literature provokes consideration of human knowledge limits and acquisition means
  • Moral Value: Reading literature offers opportunity to learn a moral lesson
  • Ethical Value: Reading literature prompts consideration of ethical issues

Approaches to Literature

  • Cultural Approach:
    • Literature is a principal manifestation and vehicle of a nation's or race's culture and tradition
    • Considers literature/literary piece in the total cultural milieu in which it was born
    • Follows the dictum "culture teaching through literature"
  • Formalistic Approach:
    • Also called pure or literary approach
    • Close to the "art for art's sake" dictum
    • Study of selection is based on literary elements
    • Boiled down to the literal level, effective, ideational, and technical values and total effects
  • Moral and Humanistic Approach:
    • The nature of man is central to literature
    • The reader/teacher/critic requires that the piece presents man as essentially rational
    • Man is endowed with intellect and free will avoiding misinterpretation of man's true nature
    • The true nature of Man is contested, making all literature more challenging
    • Close to morality of literature, questions of ethical goodness/badness
  • Historical Approach:
    • Since literature reflects its times, man as a member of a society/nation is central
    • Teacher gives historical/biographical background in introducing a selection
    • Arrangements of literature occurs in chronological order
  • Impressionistic Approach:
    • Literature is a reaction with a response, considered personal, relative and fruitful
    • Unconditioned by explanations, often taking the impact of the entire piece
  • Psychological Approach:
    • Set in motion by Freud
    • Considers literature as the expression of personality of "inner drives" or neurosis
    • Includes the psychology of the author and the character
  • Sociological Approach:
    • Literature expresses man within a given social situation
    • Reduced to discussions on economics, divides men into "haves" and "have-nots"
    • Tends to the conflict between two classes

Elements

  • The people/animals in the story
  • The events that occur in a story
  • The feeling a reader gets from a story
  • Where and when the action takes place
  • The central idea or lesson about life that an author conveys
  • The author's voice or attitude about what he or she writes
  • Governs the length and rhythm of every line and is essential to the flow of the overall piece
  • The correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry
  • Repeating words, phrases, lines, or stanzas
  • Non-spoken texts that convey information to actors, designers, and directors, including where the scene is set or emotions behind delivery of the lines
  • Any type of communication that aims to make vivid a place, object, person, or group
  • Conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie
  • A division of a written work consisting of two or more lines arranged together as a unit
  • A unit of writing into which a written work is divided

Word Bank & Types of Literature

  • Lists elements like meter, rhyme, repetition, line, stanza, theme, mood, stage directions, description, plot, characters, setting, dialogue, point of view.
  • Prose, Poetry, Drama

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Description

Introduction to literature: exploring definitions, characteristics, and interpretations. Covers perspectives from Merriam-Webster and Hancock on compositional excellence and craftsmanship. Part of LITR 102: ASEAN Literature, instructor Mr. Ar-Jay D. Cabasisi.

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