Lithosphere and Earth Movements Quiz
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Lithosphere and Earth Movements Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used for the location on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?

  • Focus
  • Seismic zone
  • Epicentre (correct)
  • Lithosphere

    • Which type of earthquake wave travels the fastest?

  • Surface waves
  • S waves
  • L waves
  • P waves (correct)

    • How does the strength of an earthquake change with distance from the epicentre?

  • It decreases (correct)
  • It increases significantly
  • It fluctuates unpredictably
  • It stays constant

    • What are S waves classified as?

    <p>Transverse waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initial point where the movement of an earthquake starts?

    <p>Focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the magnitude of the earthquake that hit Bhuj on January 20, 2001?

    <p>8.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions were taken after the earthquake in Bhuj?

    <p>Emergency was declared in the quake zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is a safe location to take shelter during an earthquake?

    <p>Under a kitchen counter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes erosion in the landscape?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area experiences faster erosion by rivers?

    <p>Upper course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event followed the overturning of charcoal cookers during the earthquake?

    <p>Hundreds of fires started.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid during an earthquake according to preparedness guidelines?

    <p>Standing near a fireplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking up rocks into smaller pieces called?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Lithospheric plates to move?

    <p>The movement of molten magma inside the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as an exogenic force?

    <p>Volcanic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is an example of a sudden endogenic force?

    <p>Earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the forces that work on the Earth's surface?

    <p>Exogenic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lithospheric plates responsible for?

    <p>Carrying continents and ocean floors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is categorized as a slow movement caused by endogenic forces?

    <p>Mountain building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What name is given to the formations that occur when sea cave roofs collapse?

    <p>Sea stacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the steep rocky coast that rises above the sea?

    <p>Sea cliff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features are formed by the erosion of glaciers as they move across the landscape?

    <p>Glacial lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the deposits left behind by melting glaciers?

    <p>Glacial moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes contributes to the formation of sea arches?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landforms can result from the deposition of sediments by sea waves along the shore?

    <p>Beaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between weathering and erosion?

    <p>Erosion results in the removal of materials from one location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are ox-bow lakes formed?

    <p>From the cutting off of a meander loop from the river.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is formed when a river overflows its banks?

    <p>Levees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to all waterfalls?

    <p>They occur at locations where rivers lose elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a result of river erosion?

    <p>Formation of deltas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of river water as it approaches the sea?

    <p>It decreases significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these waterfalls is located in North America?

    <p>Niagara Falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process continually alters landforms by removing and transporting materials?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary agent of erosion and deposition in deserts?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mushroom rocks typically form in desert environments?

    <p>By wind eroding the lower section of the rock more than the upper part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hill-like structures formed by the deposition of sand called?

    <p>Sand dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for large deposits of fine, easily transported sand?

    <p>Loess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are large deposits of loess primarily found?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lithosphere and Earth Movements

    • Lithosphere consists of rigid plates called lithospheric plates that move due to molten magma's circular movement.
    • Plate movement leads to surface changes, with movements categorized as Endogenic (internal forces) and Exogenic (external forces).
    • Endogenic forces can be sudden (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions) or gradual (e.g., mountain building).
    • Exogenic forces are primarily erosional and depositional processes affecting the Surface.

    Earthquakes and Volcanoes

    • Volcanoes are vents in the Earth's crust for molten material, resulting in sudden eruptions.
    • Earthquakes occur when lithospheric plates shift, creating vibrations that travel as seismic waves.
    • The focus is the initial movement point within the earth, while the epicentre is the surface location above the focus.
    • Seismic waves include:
      • P waves: longitudinal waves
      • S waves: transverse waves
      • L waves: surface waves

    Case Study: Bhuj Earthquake

    • An earthquake with a magnitude of 8 on the Richter scale struck Bhuj on January 20, 2001.
    • Resulted in the collapse of school buildings and thousands of casualties.
    • Infrastructure damage included burst pipelines and widespread fires due to overturned cookers.
    • A state of emergency was declared by both the President and local officials in response to the disaster.

    Earthquake Preparedness

    • Safe spots: Under kitchen counters or desks away from windows and chimneys during an earthquake.
    • Raising awareness about earthquake safety among family and friends can enhance preparedness.

    Weathering and Erosion

    • Weathering: Breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.
    • Erosion: Transport and wearing away of rock and soil by water, wind, and ice, leading to the formation of various landforms.
    • Water erosion is most effective in steep river sections and less pronounced in gentler areas.

    Work of Rivers

    • Rivers create unique landforms through processes like:
      • Formation of waterfalls where rivers drop over hard rock layers.
      • Meandering patterns leading to the creation of ox-bow lakes as meander loops are cut off due to erosion and deposition.
    • Flooding leads to fertile floodplain creation, with levees formed from sediment deposits during overflow.

    Major Waterfalls

    • Angelfalls in Venezuela is the highest waterfall in the world, followed by Niagara Falls (North America) and Victoria Falls (Africa).

    Coastal Erosion

    • Sea waves contribute to coastal landform changes, forming sea caves, sea arches, and stacks through continuous erosion.
    • Sediments deposited by waves create beaches along coastlines.

    Glacial Erosion

    • Glaciers erode landscapes by transporting soil and rocks, forming hollows and subsequently lakes as they melt.
    • Deposits from glaciers create glacial moraines, consisting of various materials.

    Wind Erosion in Deserts

    • Wind erosion shapes landscapes in arid environments, creating features like mushroom rocks and sand dunes.
    • Winds transport fine sand, leading to loess deposits in large areas, notably in China.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the lithosphere and the various movements of the Earth's plates. Explore the distinction between endogenic and exogenic forces and their impacts on the surface of the Earth. This quiz covers the key concepts related to plate tectonics and earth movements.

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