Lithium Treatment for Bipolar Disorder Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What range of serum concentrations is typically therapeutic for most patients when taking lithium?

  • 1.8-2.0 mEq/L
  • 0.6-0.8 mEq/L
  • 1.2-1.4 mEq/L
  • 0.8-1.2 mEq/L (correct)

    • Which condition would be a contraindication for the use of lithium?

  • Moderate anxiety disorder
  • Seasonal allergies
  • Mild hypertension
  • Severe cardiovascular disease (correct)

    • In treating acute severe mania, what is lithium typically given in combination with?

  • Antihistamines
  • Anti-inflammatory medication
  • Antipsychotic or antiseizure drug (correct)
  • Antibiotics

    • What is a significant side effect of lithium that is closely related to serum levels and can happen even at therapeutic doses?

    <p>Lithium toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two factors are crucial in managing interactions and adjusting doses when administering lithium?

    <p>Serum levels and drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an off-label use of lithium?

    <p>Treating acute hypomania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population requires dose adjustments when prescribed lithium?

    <p>Pediatric and older adult patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is considered when determining the dosage of lithium?

    <p>Age and weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why serum lithium levels need to be monitored closely?

    <p>Due to the narrow safety profile of lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do drug interactions impact the management of patients taking lithium?

    <p>They necessitate careful management and dose adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with lacrimal duct disorders?

    <p>Increased tearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is suggested for lacrimal duct disorders if there is an inflammatory component present?

    <p>Topical corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for preventing variceal hemorrhage in individuals not actively bleeding?

    <p>NSBBs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated in individuals with severe asthma and needing treatment for variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines diuretic-refractory ascites?

    <p>Ascites that persist despite maximum diuretic doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about second-line management of variceal hemorrhage is true?

    <p>Esophageal ligation is preferred if NSBBs are well-tolerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested initial dosage for Carvedilol in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis?

    <p>6.25 mg daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is NOT considered among the Emerging therapies for lacrimal duct disorders according to the text?

    <p>Lansoprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of body sensation is commonly reported by patients with lacrimal duct disorders?

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does diuretic-intractable or refractory ascites refer to?

    <p>Ascites that persist despite maximum diuretic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for individuals not actively bleeding to prevent variceal hemorrhage?

    <p>Carvedilol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect that should be monitored when using NSBBs for variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated during variceal ligation to help prevent varices from reforming?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines diuretic-intractable or refractory ascites in the context of cirrhosis?

    <p>Ascites not responding to diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication may arise from using high doses of spironolactone and furosemide in cirrhotic patients?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are beta-blockers preferred over ligation for the prevention of variceal rebleeding?

    <p>Reduced mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial dose of Nadolol for variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis?

    <p>80 mg daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition serves as a contraindication to the use of NSBBs for variceal bleeding prophylaxis?

    <p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for dilated submucosal esophageal veins connecting the portal and systemic circulations?

    <p>NSBB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is recommended as second-line treatment to obliterate varices if a patient is not tolerant of medication prophylaxis for variceal hemorrhage?

    <p>Esophageal ligation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

    <p>Ascites persisting despite maximum doses of spironolactone and furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can arise from high doses of spironolactone and furosemide in cirrhotic patients with ascites?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering proton pump inhibitors during esophageal ligation for variceal hemorrhage?

    <p>To decrease bleeding risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are β-blockers preferred over esophageal ligation for preventing rebleeding in variceal hemorrhage?

    <p>β-blockers reduce mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom commonly presents if patients experience diuretic-induced complications in the context of ascites?

    <p>Hepatic encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) on the rate of rebleeding in variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis?

    <p>Decrease rate of rebleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the first-line treatment for patients with variceal hemorrhage not actively bleeding?

    <p>Nadolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining criteria for diuretic-intractable or refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

    <p>Failure to respond to maximum doses of diuretics for at least 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended non-selective beta-blocker for variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis that is considered more effective than Propranolol?

    <p>Carvedilol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be used during variceal ligation to prevent varices from reforming?

    <p>Lansoprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines diuretic-intractable or refractory ascites in a patient with cirrhosis?

    <p>Lack of response to diuretics despite appropriate dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of ascites due to cirrhosis, what is the first-line therapy recommended?

    <p>Sodium restriction and diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of 5-a-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride in managing BPH?

    <p>Reducing the size of the prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FDA warning regarding the use of 5-a-reductase inhibitors like finasteride for BPH?

    <p>Increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of medications should be chosen if a patient with BPH also has a history of hypertension?

    <p>α1-Adrenergic receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect profile of 5-a-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride?

    <p>Decreased libido and gynecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class should be avoided for patients with BPH experiencing hypotension or fluid retention?

    <p>α1-Adrenergic receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment approach is recommended for patients with BPH who require a significant reduction in prostate size and symptom control?

    <p>Combination therapy with α1-Adrenergic receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are associated with corticosteroid use in the context of managing bipolar disorder?

    <p>Increased appetite, mood changes, and bone-related issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary side effect of triptans, a class of medications used to manage migraines?

    <p>Chest pain and flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be considered a red flag symptom for headaches, indicating a need for further evaluation?

    <p>Headache after head injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as the first-line preventive treatment for migraines?

    <p>Prescription medications like divalproex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using ergotamines in managing migraines?

    <p>To constrict blood vessels and block pain pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can indicate a serious underlying condition when experiencing a headache?

    <p>Headache after head injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with prolonged use of corticosteroids?

    <p>Muscle weakness and atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using antiemetics in managing migraines?

    <p>To alleviate nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom should raise concerns about a headache's severity?

    <p>Headache after head injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when prescribing prophylactic migraine treatment?

    <p>Reduced headache days per month</p> Signup and view all the answers

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