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Questions and Answers
In the IMRD model, which section typically includes the 'main argument, thesis, or claim' of a research paper?
In the IMRD model, which section typically includes the 'main argument, thesis, or claim' of a research paper?
- Methodology
- Results
- Discussion
- Introduction (correct)
Which section of a research article, according to the IMRD structure, typically describes the specific models or approaches used in the study?
Which section of a research article, according to the IMRD structure, typically describes the specific models or approaches used in the study?
- Results
- Methodology (correct)
- Discussion
- Introduction
According to the IMRD model, which section of a research article is expected to contain specific data indicating the outcomes of the project?
According to the IMRD model, which section of a research article is expected to contain specific data indicating the outcomes of the project?
- Methodology
- Discussion
- Introduction
- Results (correct)
In the context of the IMRD structure, what is the primary purpose of the Discussion section in a research article?
In the context of the IMRD structure, what is the primary purpose of the Discussion section in a research article?
Which elements are typically included in the 'Introduction' section of a research paper based on the information provided?
Which elements are typically included in the 'Introduction' section of a research paper based on the information provided?
What type of content is typically found in the 'Literature Review' section of a research paper?
What type of content is typically found in the 'Literature Review' section of a research paper?
Which of the following best describes the content typically included in the 'Methodology' section of a research paper?
Which of the following best describes the content typically included in the 'Methodology' section of a research paper?
What elements are commonly found in the 'Findings / Result' section of a research paper??
What elements are commonly found in the 'Findings / Result' section of a research paper??
Which of the following best represents the typical contents of the 'Discussion / Conclusion' section of a research paper?
Which of the following best represents the typical contents of the 'Discussion / Conclusion' section of a research paper?
In analyzing the two abstracts provided, what is identified as a similarity between them?
In analyzing the two abstracts provided, what is identified as a similarity between them?
Based on the analysis of the two abstracts, which statement accurately describes a difference between them regarding 'Methodology'?
Based on the analysis of the two abstracts, which statement accurately describes a difference between them regarding 'Methodology'?
According to the analysis of the provided abstracts, what is a key difference between Abstract 1 and Abstract 2 regarding the 'Discussion' section?
According to the analysis of the provided abstracts, what is a key difference between Abstract 1 and Abstract 2 regarding the 'Discussion' section?
A researcher is structuring their paper according to the IMRD format but wants to include a 'Background' sub-section detailing previous work done in the area. Where would this fit best?
A researcher is structuring their paper according to the IMRD format but wants to include a 'Background' sub-section detailing previous work done in the area. Where would this fit best?
A study's 'Results' section presents statistical data ($p < 0.05$) but lacks complete interpretation. Where should a more detailed explanation of this data's implications be included?
A study's 'Results' section presents statistical data ($p < 0.05$) but lacks complete interpretation. Where should a more detailed explanation of this data's implications be included?
Suppose a study rigorously adheres to the IMRD format. In the Introduction, the authors mention a specific theory that their research challenges. Where should the final judgment on whether the study's findings support or refute this theory be explicitly stated?
Suppose a study rigorously adheres to the IMRD format. In the Introduction, the authors mention a specific theory that their research challenges. Where should the final judgment on whether the study's findings support or refute this theory be explicitly stated?
A research team is writing an abstract for their study, following IMRD guidelines. They have strong results but a limited sample size. How should they balance these aspects in the abstract's 'Results' and 'Discussion' components?
A research team is writing an abstract for their study, following IMRD guidelines. They have strong results but a limited sample size. How should they balance these aspects in the abstract's 'Results' and 'Discussion' components?
A paper uses a novel statistical method. According to IMRD, where should the justification for the method's appropriateness be most comprehensively explained?
A paper uses a novel statistical method. According to IMRD, where should the justification for the method's appropriateness be most comprehensively explained?
Imagine a study with unexpectedly negative results that contradict the initial hypothesis. According to IMRD principles, how should the 'Discussion' section address this?
Imagine a study with unexpectedly negative results that contradict the initial hypothesis. According to IMRD principles, how should the 'Discussion' section address this?
A research paper has separate 'Results' and 'Findings' sections. Under the assumption that this deviates structurally from IMRD, what best distinguishes the content in these sections?
A research paper has separate 'Results' and 'Findings' sections. Under the assumption that this deviates structurally from IMRD, what best distinguishes the content in these sections?
In a meta-analysis using the IMRD structure, if methodological inconsistencies are identified across the included studies, where should these be most comprehensively addressed, and what specific information must be included?
In a meta-analysis using the IMRD structure, if methodological inconsistencies are identified across the included studies, where should these be most comprehensively addressed, and what specific information must be included?
Flashcards
Introduction (in research)
Introduction (in research)
The initial section of a research paper, it introduces the research problem, scope, main argument, and significance.
Methodology (in research)
Methodology (in research)
This section includes specific models or approaches used in the study, and types of evidence. It details HOW the research was conducted.
Results (in research)
Results (in research)
Presents specific data indicating the results of the project; also discusses findings in a broad sense.
Discussion (in research)
Discussion (in research)
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Literature Review
Literature Review
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Abstract
Abstract
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Significance of the Study
Significance of the Study
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Research Question
Research Question
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Research Hypothesis
Research Hypothesis
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Study Notes
- A literature review includes these chapters, introduction, methodology, results and discussion.
Introduction
- The introduction addresses what problem does the work attempt to solve, what is the scope of the project, what is the main argument, thesis, or claim.
- The introduction also covers the importance of the research and why a reader would be interested in the larger work.
Methodology
- This includes specific models or approaches used in the larger study.
- Other abstracts describe the types of evidence used in the research.
Results
- Results will include specific data that indicates results of the project.
- Other abstracts discuss the findings in a more general way.
Discussion
- How does the work add knowledge to the topic?
- Also addresses any practical or theoretical applications from the findings or implications for future research.
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Brief background
- Statement of problem
- Research questions & objectives
- Research hypothesis
- Scope and limitations
- Significance of the study
Chapter 2: Literature Review
- Review of Articles
- Theoretical Framework
- Conceptual
Chapter 3: Methodology
- Research Design
- Research Setting
- Research Sample
- Research Procedure
- Research Instrument
- Data Collection Method and Analysis
Chapter 4: Findings / Result
- Analysis of Findings/Results
Chapter 5: Discussion / Conclusion
- Discussion of the results
- Implications of the findings
- Recommendations
Results vs. Discussion
- Results include Data, statistics and relationships of data
- Discussion includes Interpretation, explanation/comparison, and recommendations/conclusion
Social Media Addiction and Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia (Sujarwoto et al, 2021)
- Deteriorating mental health among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic is a serious worldwide public health concern.
- This study aims to examine the linkage between social media addiction and the mental health of university students in Indonesia.
- This study also addresses whether family relationships and religiosity may mitigate the harmful effects of social media on the mental health of students at this time.
- 709 students at universities across the country were studied between June 3 and June 20, 2020.
- Mental health was measured using 10 items validated by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale.
- Students with higher social media addiction scores had a greater likelihood of experiencing mild depression (OR 1.07, CI: 1.02-1.12).
The Predictive Relationships between the Social Media Addiction and Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and Happiness (Baltaci, 2019)
- The purpose of this study is to examine how well university students' social anxiety, happiness and loneliness levels explain their levels of social media addiction.
- The findings showed that there was a positive relationship between students' social media addiction levels and their social anxiety and loneliness levels.
- There was a negative relationship between students' social media addiction levels and their happiness levels.
- Social media addiction variable significantly predicted by the social anxiety and happiness variables, but it did not significantly predicted by the loneliness variable.
- The relevant literature and recommendations are presented.
Analysis of the 2 Abstracts
- Both Abstract 1 and Abstract 2's introductions include the research objective.
- In Abstract 1, it discusses the research objective which is to examine the linkage between social media and mental health.
- In Abstract 2, it also discusses the research objective which is to examine how well students' social anxiety, happiness and loneliness level explain their level of social media addiction.
- Abstract 1 includes a clear explanation of the methodology.
- 709 students participated in the studies up to the line Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.
- There is no indication of methodology in Abstract 2, the introduction, results and discussions are provided.
- A brief explanation of the discussion is in Abstract 2.
- Relevant literature and recommendations are also presented at the end of Abstract 2.
- There is no evidence of discussion in Abstract 1; the abstract ends up until the result.
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