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Questions and Answers
What is literary criticism?
What is literary criticism?
- The study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature (correct)
- The practical application of literary theory
- The philosophical critique of literary works
- The analysis of literary goals and methods
How is modern literary criticism influenced?
How is modern literary criticism influenced?
- By literary theory, which is the philosophical analysis of literature's goals and methods (correct)
- By practical applications of literary theory
- By popular critics publishing reviews
- By literary works in general
What do some critics consider literary criticism to be?
What do some critics consider literary criticism to be?
- An abstract form of literature analysis
- A separate field of inquiry from literary theory
- A practical application of literary theory (correct)
- A genre of arts criticism
Where is literary criticism often published?
Where is literary criticism often published?
Do literary critics always have to be theorists?
Do literary critics always have to be theorists?
Why is the distinction between literary theory and literary criticism controversial?
Why is the distinction between literary theory and literary criticism controversial?
Where do academic literary critics usually teach and publish?
Where do academic literary critics usually teach and publish?
In what form do more popular critics typically publish their reviews?
In what form do more popular critics typically publish their reviews?
Which publication would be an example of where popular critics publish their reviews?
Which publication would be an example of where popular critics publish their reviews?
What are the main activities of literary critics?
What are the main activities of literary critics?
What work by Aristotle is considered to be one of the most important influences upon literary criticism?
What work by Aristotle is considered to be one of the most important influences upon literary criticism?
Which concept was not fully developed in literary theory until the publication of Emanuele Tesauro's Il Cannocchiale aristotelico in 1654?
Which concept was not fully developed in literary theory until the publication of Emanuele Tesauro's Il Cannocchiale aristotelico in 1654?
What did the Renaissance criticism develop from classical ideas into literary neoclassicism?
What did the Renaissance criticism develop from classical ideas into literary neoclassicism?
What was challenged by the rival movement of Baroque in the seventeenth century?
What was challenged by the rival movement of Baroque in the seventeenth century?
What influenced the rise of literary criticism during the Enlightenment period?
What influenced the rise of literary criticism during the Enlightenment period?
Which work included literary criticism on ancient Indian literature and Sanskrit drama?
Which work included literary criticism on ancient Indian literature and Sanskrit drama?
Who was one of the most influential Renaissance critics who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics in 1570?
Who was one of the most influential Renaissance critics who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics in 1570?
What did the Enlightenment period witness in terms of literacy rates?
What did the Enlightenment period witness in terms of literacy rates?
Who wrote the Natya Shastra, which includes literary criticism on ancient Indian literature and Sanskrit drama?
Who wrote the Natya Shastra, which includes literary criticism on ancient Indian literature and Sanskrit drama?
Which concept was developed for the first time by Aristotle in Poetics and is still crucial in literary studies?
Which concept was developed for the first time by Aristotle in Poetics and is still crucial in literary studies?
What is the focus of ecocritics in literary criticism?
What is the focus of ecocritics in literary criticism?
Which academic journal is mentioned as being interested in nontraditional texts and women's literature?
Which academic journal is mentioned as being interested in nontraditional texts and women's literature?
What is the principal concern of book history in literary criticism?
What is the principal concern of book history in literary criticism?
What is one of the issues within the history of literature intersecting with book history?
What is one of the issues within the history of literature intersecting with book history?
What do Darwinian literary studies explore in the context of literature?
What do Darwinian literary studies explore in the context of literature?
Which field draws on the methods of bibliography, cultural history, and media theory in its interdisciplinary inquiry?
Which field draws on the methods of bibliography, cultural history, and media theory in its interdisciplinary inquiry?
What do some critics influenced by cultural studies read in their literary criticism work?
What do some critics influenced by cultural studies read in their literary criticism work?
What have postcritics sought to develop in responding to literary texts?
What have postcritics sought to develop in responding to literary texts?
What are some critics interested in besides the literary canon?
What are some critics interested in besides the literary canon?
What was the early literary market expected to do?
What was the early literary market expected to do?
Which literary work was criticized by one critic as 'the detestable story of the Yahoos'?
Which literary work was criticized by one critic as 'the detestable story of the Yahoos'?
What did the British Romantic movement introduce to literary studies?
What did the British Romantic movement introduce to literary studies?
Which school of criticism came to dominate the study and discussion of literature in the early twentieth century?
Which school of criticism came to dominate the study and discussion of literature in the early twentieth century?
What did Northrop Frye note about some critics in his influential Anatomy of Criticism?
What did Northrop Frye note about some critics in his influential Anatomy of Criticism?
What did E.Michael Jones argue in his work Degenerate Moderns?
What did E.Michael Jones argue in his work Degenerate Moderns?
'Knowledge via interpretation to understand the meaning of human texts and symbolic expressions' is described as a form of:
'Knowledge via interpretation to understand the meaning of human texts and symbolic expressions' is described as a form of:
'Theory' in the context of literature departments peaked during which period?
'Theory' in the context of literature departments peaked during which period?
'Approaches based in literary theory and continental philosophy largely coexist in university literature departments' is a statement about which period?
'Approaches based in literary theory and continental philosophy largely coexist in university literature departments' is a statement about which period?
What did 19th-century Romantic criticism introduce to literary studies?
What did 19th-century Romantic criticism introduce to literary studies?
What is the main topic of the dialogue between Socrates and Ion?
What is the main topic of the dialogue between Socrates and Ion?
What does Ion claim to understand better than anyone alive?
What does Ion claim to understand better than anyone alive?
According to Socrates, what does Ion's limited knowledge and skill apply to?
According to Socrates, what does Ion's limited knowledge and skill apply to?
What does Socrates deduce about Ion's skill based on his observation?
What does Socrates deduce about Ion's skill based on his observation?
What event had Ion just come from when he engages in a discussion with Socrates?
What event had Ion just come from when he engages in a discussion with Socrates?
What does Socrates find perplexing about Ion's claim of understanding Homer better than anyone else?
What does Socrates find perplexing about Ion's claim of understanding Homer better than anyone else?
What is Socrates' analogy for Ion's limited knowledge and skill?
What is Socrates' analogy for Ion's limited knowledge and skill?
'Not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence' refers to who or what according to Socrates?
'Not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence' refers to who or what according to Socrates?
'For not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence; since, if they had fully learned by art to speak on one kind of theme, they would know how to speak on all.' What is Socrates implying with this statement?
'For not by art do they utter these things, but by divine influence; since, if they had fully learned by art to speak on one kind of theme, they would know how to speak on all.' What is Socrates implying with this statement?
'Further, this man is probably not the poet, like Ion, but a specialist like a doctor, who knows better about nutrition.' What is Socrates suggesting with this comparison?
'Further, this man is probably not the poet, like Ion, but a specialist like a doctor, who knows better about nutrition.' What is Socrates suggesting with this comparison?
Who or what did Socrates deduce was divinely possessed?
Who or what did Socrates deduce was divinely possessed?
What did Ion claim to have won at the festival of Asclepius at the city of Epidaurus?
What did Ion claim to have won at the festival of Asclepius at the city of Epidaurus?
According to Socrates, why does God take away the mind of men and use them as his ministers?
According to Socrates, why does God take away the mind of men and use them as his ministers?
What does Socrates compare the rhapsode's transmission of the poet's original inspiration to?
What does Socrates compare the rhapsode's transmission of the poet's original inspiration to?
According to Ion, what inspires his deliberate disconnection from reality during his performances?
According to Ion, what inspires his deliberate disconnection from reality during his performances?
What does Ion claim about his knowledge when Socrates questions him about various skills in Homer's poetry?
What does Ion claim about his knowledge when Socrates questions him about various skills in Homer's poetry?
How does Socrates criticize Ion regarding his occupation?
How does Socrates criticize Ion regarding his occupation?
What does Plato argue about Ion's talent as an interpreter?
What does Plato argue about Ion's talent as an interpreter?
What is the supposed fallacy in Plato's argument according to some researchers?
What is the supposed fallacy in Plato's argument according to some researchers?
What holds specific significance to Socrates in terms of divine madness?
What holds specific significance to Socrates in terms of divine madness?
What does Plato develop a more elaborate critique of in other dialogues?
What does Plato develop a more elaborate critique of in other dialogues?
What do some readers doubt about the authorship of Plato's argument?
What do some readers doubt about the authorship of Plato's argument?
Study Notes
Definition and Scope of Literary Criticism
- Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.
- Modern literary criticism is influenced by various factors and approaches.
History of Literary Criticism
- Aristotle's work, particularly "Poetics", is considered one of the most important influences on literary criticism.
- The Renaissance criticism developed from classical ideas into literary neoclassicism.
- The rival movement of Baroque in the 17th century challenged literary neoclassicism.
- The Enlightenment period witnessed a rise in literary criticism, influenced by the increased literacy rates.
- The "Natya Shastra" written by Bharata Muni includes literary criticism on ancient Indian literature and Sanskrit drama.
Literary Theories and Approaches
- Ecocritics focus on the relationship between literature and the environment.
- Book history is concerned with the production, circulation, and reception of books.
- Darwinian literary studies explore the intersection of literature and evolutionary theory.
- Cultural studies influences literary criticism by reading cultural and social contexts into literary texts.
- Postcritics seek to develop a more nuanced and responsive approach to literary texts.
Key Figures and Works
- Emanuele Tesauro's "Il Cannocchiale aristotelico" (1654) developed the concept of literary criticism.
- Aristotle's "Poetics" is still crucial in literary studies.
- Northrop Frye's "Anatomy of Criticism" is an influential work in literary theory.
- E.M. Michael Jones' "Degenerate Moderns" argues that literary criticism has been influenced by cultural and social factors.
Ancient Greek Perspectives
- In Plato's "Ion", Socrates engages in a dialogue with Ion, a rhapsode, to discuss the nature of poetic inspiration and skill.
- Socrates argues that Ion's skill is not based on art or knowledge but on divine influence.
- Socrates deduces that Ion is divinely possessed and that his skill is limited to Homer's poetry.
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Description
Explore the divergence of the emergent literary market from Enlightenment ideals and the intensification of criticism, using the works of Jonathan Swift as a case study.
