Literary Devices and Figures of Speech
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Questions and Answers

What is a metaphor?

A figure of speech in which a comparison is drawn between two dissimilar or unlike things without the use of like or as.

In the first stanza of Byron’s poem, which literary device is used in the lines, "She walks in beauty, like the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skies;"?

  • Onomatopoeia
  • Personification
  • Metaphor
  • Simile (correct)
  • Explain the metaphor, "Nameless Grace" in the line, "Had half impaired the nameless grace"

    It symbolizes the woman's perfect, indescribable beauty, implying a sense of harmonious balance in both her physical appearance and inner character.

    Explain the metaphor, "raven tress"

    <p>It refers to her dark hair, serving as a metaphorical symbol of mystery and allure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the metaphor, "Where thoughts serenely sweet express"

    <p>It suggests that her inner beauty, represented by her thoughts, is a harmonious reflection of her outer beauty, suggesting a gentle and serene soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the personification used in the lines "The smiles that win, the tints that glow, / But tell of days in goodness spent"

    <p>The smiles and tints, traditionally associated with outward appearance, are personified as having a voice, revealing the woman's inner virtues and goodness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the synecdoche used in the lines, "A heart whose love is innocent!"

    <p>The 'heart' is used to represent the entirety of the woman, implying that her love, originating from her core, is inherently pure and innocent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between literal language and figurative language?

    <p>Literal language uses words in their direct, dictionary meaning, while figurative language employs figures of speech to create deeper meanings and evoke imagery, often through metaphors, similes, or personification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a simile?

    <p>A figure of speech that compares two unlike or dissimilar objects, using the words 'like' or 'as'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is personification?

    <p>A figure of speech that gives human characteristics or qualities to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperbole?

    <p>A figure of speech that uses exaggeration or overstatement to emphasize a point or create a dramatic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an oxymoron?

    <p>A figure of speech in which two contradictory or contrasting terms are juxtaposed, creating an unexpected and thought-provoking effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is onomatopoeia?

    <p>The creation of words that imitate the sounds they represent, creating a vivid auditory experience for the reader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diction?

    <p>The choice and arrangement of words in writing or speech, impacting the overall tone, style, and impact of a piece of writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is imagery?

    <p>The use of vivid and descriptive language, often appealing to the five senses, to create a strong mental picture for the reader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a paradox?

    <p>A statement that seems contradictory or logically inconsistent yet may be true or valid in a larger context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between a sonnet and an epic?

    <p>A sonnet is a relatively short poem with a specific form and rhyme scheme, typically used to express emotions or themes. An epic is a long narrative poem that tells a grand story of heroism, often featuring supernatural elements, gods, and goddesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key elements of a play?

    <p>The key elements of a play include a script, playwright, performers (actors and actresses), director, producer, stage, setting, characters, plot, theme, dialogue, conflict, and accessories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monologue?

    <p>A long speech delivered by a single character, often expressing their inner thoughts, motivations, or feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a playwright?

    <p>A writer who creates and develops the script for theatrical productions, including dialogue, character arc, and stage direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key distinctions between a novel and a drama?

    <p>A novel is a written work that tells a story, relying on the reader's imagination to bring the characters and situations to life. A drama is a performance, intended to be staged and watched, where the story unfolds through action, dialogue, and character interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conflict?

    <p>A clash of opposing forces, ideas, or characters that drives the plot and creates tension in a story or play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are accessories in a play?

    <p>Elements that enhance the visual and auditory experience of a play, including props, costumes, sets, music, and sound effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conflict of the play 'Macbeth'?

    <p>The main conflict in Macbeth is the internal struggle within Macbeth himself, driven by his ambition for power, his fear of losing it, and the guilt and paranoia that consume him after murdering King Duncan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lady Macbeth is a complex character who shows signs of humanity, but she is ultimately driven by her ambition.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macbeth is depicted from the beginning as a villain, consumed by ambition and darkness.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The play Macbeth is considered a tragedy, as it explores themes of ambition, guilt, and the consequences of violence.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Austen use the literary device of free indirect discourse in Pride and Prejudice?

    <p>Jane Austen employs free indirect discourse to offer insights into the thoughts and feelings of her characters, particularly Elizabeth, by weaving her character's perspective seamlessly into the narrative voice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key themes explored in Pride and Prejudice?

    <p>The novel Pride and Prejudice centers around themes such as love and marriage, social class and social conventions, personal growth and development, and the intricate complexities of human relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Austen use satire to critique social conventions and societal expectations in Pride and Prejudice?

    <p>Jane Austen employs satire through wit, irony, and exaggeration to expose the flaws and absurdities within the social conventions of the English upper class, often highlighting the shallowness of their values and the hypocrisy of their behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the character Elizabeth Bennet embody both pride and prejudice?

    <p>Elizabeth's initial pride stems from her independent spirit and her strong sense of self-worth. Her prejudice stems from her initial misjudgments of Darcy, fueled by her own preconceived notions and societal influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'pride' evolve and transform for the character of Mr. Darcy?

    <p>Mr. Darcy's initial pride is rooted in his aristocratic upbringing and his social standing. His interactions with Elizabeth and his growing understanding of her character challenge his preconceived notions, leading him to shed his pride and acknowledge the virtues of humility and genuine connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social class plays a significant role in the societal dynamics and relationships depicted in Pride and Prejudice.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pursuit of marriage is primarily driven by love and personal connection in Pride and Prejudice?

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the novel Pride and Prejudice offer a critique of societal expectations regarding marriage?

    <p>Austen critiques the societal expectations that place pressure on women to marry for financial security or social advancement, often neglecting individual happiness or genuine connection. Through characters like Charlotte Lucas, who prioritizes security and financial stability over personal fulfillment, she highlights the consequences of accepting societal norms without challenging them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main narrative voices?

    <p>The four main narrative voices are first-person, second-person, third-person limited, and third-person omniscient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First-person narrative is the most common narrative voice in modern fiction.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jane Austen uses third-person omniscient narrative in Pride and Prejudice, giving the reader a sweeping and comprehensive view of the characters and events.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Lord Byron

    A prominent English poet known for romanticism and nature poetry.

    Nature as refuge

    Byron viewed nature as a shelter from societal worries.

    Romanticism

    A literary movement emphasizing emotion and nature over reason.

    Simile

    A figure of speech comparing two unlike things using 'like' or 'as'.

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    Metaphor

    A figure of speech that makes an implicit comparison without using 'like' or 'as'.

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    Personification

    Attributing human characteristics to non-human objects or ideas.

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    Alliteration

    The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a line.

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    Synecdoche

    A figure of speech where a part represents the whole.

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    Shakespearean Sonnet

    A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme: ABABCDCDEFEFGG.

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    Imagery

    Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.

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    Conflict

    A struggle between opposing forces in a story.

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    Theme

    The underlying message or main idea in a literary work.

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    Diction

    The choice of words and style of expression in writing.

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    Oxymoron

    A figure of speech that combines contradictory terms.

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    Paradox

    A statement that contradicts itself but reveals a deeper truth.

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    Onomatopoeia

    A word that imitates the sound it represents.

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    Figurative Language

    Language using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful.

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    Protagonist

    The main character in a story, often facing a conflict.

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    Antagonist

    A character or force that opposes the protagonist.

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    Narrative Point of View

    The perspective from which a story is told.

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    Eternal Beauty

    The concept that true beauty persists beyond time and decay.

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    Social Class in Literature

    Represents how characters interact based on their social status.

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    Literary Devices

    Techniques used by writers to create a special effect in their work.

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    Theater Elements

    Components that make up a drama, such as script, actors, and setting.

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    Exposition

    The introduction of background information in a story.

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    Climax

    The turning point in a story, where tension peaks.

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    Denouement

    The resolution or conclusion of a story.

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    Comedy

    A genre of drama intended to entertain and amuse.

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    Tragedy

    A genre of drama that portrays serious themes and typically ends sadly.

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    Study Notes

    Literary Devices and Figures of Speech

    • Literary devices are techniques used to create specific effects in writing.
    • Figures of speech are expressions that have a meaning beyond the literal meaning of their words.

    Simile

    • A comparison between two unlike things, using "like" or "as".
    • Example: "Life is like a box of chocolates."
    • This shows a relationship between unlike things, in this case describing life using a simple box of chocolates.

    Metaphor

    • A comparison between two unlike things, but without the use of "like" or "as".
    • Example: "You are my sunshine."
    • Here the comparison is stated without the use of "like" or "as", saying directly that the individual is the sunshine.

    Personification

    • Giving human qualities to animals, objects, or ideas.
    • Example: "The trees danced in the wind."
    • Here the verb "danced" is given to the trees, something that only humans can do, to show the motion of the wind through the trees.

    Hyperbole

    • An exaggeration or overstatement to emphasize a point.
    • Example: "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!"
    • The exaggeration of the hunger level is part of the figure of speech, a way of strengthening emphasis on the level of hunger.

    Metonymy

    • Using one thing to represent another related thing.
    • Example: "The suits were at a meeting."
    • Here "suits" refers to business people, using different items to show who is at the meeting.

    Synecdoche

    • Using a part to represent the whole, or vice versa.
    • Example: "There are ten mouths to feed."
    • Here the mouth is a part of a person which in this case represents the entire person needed to be fed.

    Symbol

    • A symbol is something that stands for or represents something else, often with a deeper and more meaningful meaning.
    • Example: Trees often symbolize growth and nature.

    Irony

    • Irony is a literary device where something is said or done that is the opposite of what is meant.
    • Types of irony include:
      • Verbal irony: Saying one thing but meaning another.
      • Dramatic irony: When the audience knows something the characters don't.
      • Situational irony: When the outcome of a situation is unexpected or opposite of what is expected.

    Imagery

    • Imagery uses descriptive language to create vivid pictures or sensory experiences in the minds of readers with descriptive language.
    • Types of imagery include:
      • Visual imagery
      • Auditory imagery
      • Kinesthetic imagery
      • Olfactory imagery
      • Gustatory imagery

    Oxymoron

    • A figure of speech where opposing ideas are joined together to create a striking effect (like a contradiction).
    • Example: "Living death".

    Paradox

    • A statement that seems to contradict itself but may still have some truth to it.
    • Example: "I am nobody."

    Onomatopoeia

    • Words that imitate or mimic sounds.
    • Example: "Buzz," "Hiss."

    Diction

    • Diction refers to word choices in writing or speech.
    • Example: "I am delighted!" versus "Sure, why not?"
    • The use of these phrases shows different levels of formality, and emotional/emotional tone, and attitude; which can be achieved through different choices of words.

    Introduction to Literature

    • Literature can be defined as any written work with artistic merit.
    • Literature serves many purposes including expanding horizons; building critical thinking skills; a leap into the past; and appreciating other cultures and learning about beliefs which are different from one's own. 

    The Epic

    • Homer was considered to be the first writer of Epics.
    • The Epic poems should not contain drama and lyrics. 
    • The Epic style should be high and lofty in nature.
    • Examples of Epic poems include the Odyssey, and the Iliad.

    Poetry

    • Poetry is a literary art form that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as figures of speech, imagery, and sound devices—to evoke meanings in addition to the literal meanings of words. 
    • Elements of poetry include lines, stanzas, rhyme scheme, etc.
    • Examples include the sonnet, ballad, and free verse.

    Analysis of Poetry

    • The analysis of poetry involves several stages to dissect the work, including paraphrasing and identifying the main theme, as well as analyzing the content, the form, and evaluating its effectiveness.

    Drama

    • Drama is a story meant for performance by actors.
    • Elements include: characters, dialogue, theme, setting, plot, and conflict.
    • Types of drama include tragedy, comedy, and tragicomedy.
    • Examples include Shakespeare's Macbeth, and Euripides' Medea.

    Fiction (Prose)

    • Fiction is a literary work intended to portray imaginary events or characters, such as novels, short stories, and novellas.
    • Prose is a type of writing that follows normal grammatical structure, such as in novels, short stories, or novellas.
    • Elements of prose include theme, plot, character, setting, and viewpoint.

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