Literary Concepts and MP3 Technology Quiz

Communicative English Study Notes

• Is Reading Necessary?

  • Required reading includes Virgil's "Georgics", Ernest Hemingway's "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", and Baker's "The Peregrine".
  • Suggested reading includes "The Warren Commission Report", "The Poetic Edda" (translated by Lee M. Hollander, in particular "The Prophecy of the Seeress"), and Bernal Diaz del Castillo's "True History of the Conquest of New Spain".

• Types of Readers

  • Willing Learner: Eager to learn new knowledge, but may lack processing abilities.
  • Static Scholar: Possesses knowledge but struggles with interactive aspects of reading and needs encouragement to engage more dynamically.
  • Apathetic Reader: Disinterested and disengaged from reading, often lacking motivation and enthusiasm.

• Reading

  • Reasons for reading include learning information for school subjects, finding things of interest, information to complete tasks, exploring new opinions, and reading for pleasure.
  • Sources for reading information include academic textbooks, the Internet, reference books, books, magazines, lists, phone books, advertisements, newspapers, magazines, novels, plays, stories, poetry, and magazines online.

• Types of Reading

  • Global Reading: Skimming a text quickly to get the general idea.
  • Detailed Reading: Carefully reading a text to understand the details.
  • Selective Reading: Scanning a text quickly to find specific information.
  • Pleasure Reading: Reading a text for enjoyment.

• Prediction

  • Headings and pictures can help predict the content and writer's viewpoint of a text.

• MP3 - The Creative Process of Destructive Compression

  • MP3 is a coding system that compresses audio signals, reducing file size.
  • This is achieved by eliminating frequencies that the human ear cannot hear.
  • A lower sound quality is one disadvantage of MP3 due to destructive compression.
  • The degree of compression affects sound quality; lower degrees mean better quality.

• Recognizing Cognates

  • Cognates are words similar in two or more languages.
  • Recognize unfamiliar words by checking for cognates in your language.
  • This is especially helpful in scientific texts.

• Parts of Speech

  • Every word acts as a part of speech; it plays a specific role in a sentence.
  • Key parts of speech include:
    • Noun (place, person, thing)
    • Verb (action or state of being)
    • Adjective (describes a noun)
    • Adverb (describes a verb or adjective)
    • Pronoun (substitutes for a noun)
    • Preposition (shows the relationship between other words)
    • Conjunction (joins ideas)
    • Interjection (exclamation to convey emotion)

• Prefixes and Suffixes

  • Prefixes, such as un-, mis-, dis-, im-, and in-, are added to words to change their meaning (positive or negative).
  • Suffixes change a word's part of speech. For example, the verb consider becomes the adjective considerate/considerable, the adverb considerably, and the noun consideration.

• Inferring Meaning from Context

  • Understanding the context and related words often helps to understand the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
  • A general idea is often enough, rather than needing the precise meaning.

• How to Use a Bilingual Dictionary

  • Use a dictionary only when detail is required to understand the text.
  • Often guessing the meaning of a word is sufficient.
  • Note down multiple possible meanings and select the appropriate one in context.

• Relative Clauses

  • Relative clauses provide further detail about a word or phrase.
  • They typically start with a relative pronoun (who, which, that, when, where, etc.) and include a verb and object.

• "Tell Me Your Dreams" by Sydney Sheldon and "The Tomorrow People" by Sydney Sheldon, and "A Stranger in the Mirror" by Sydney Sheldon are short stories. Use of questions for thought.

• Unit 1 Types of Text and Prediction

  • The objective is to recognize different types of text, predict their content, and identify their purpose.

• Key Words

  • Recognizing key words in a text—primarily nouns and verbs—helps readers understand a text's main ideas quickly.

• Recognizing key words in a text

  • Helps to comprehend the main idea more easily and quickly
  • Key terminology is usually nouns and verbs

• 10 Proven Benefits of Green Tea

  • Green tea is laden with powerful antioxidants and nutrients for numerous health benefits, such as brain function enhancement, fat reduction, and a diminished risk of cancer.

• Recognizing Cognates (Again)

  • Remembering similar words in English and your language helps to comprehend text more quickly and easily, as unfamiliar words may be cognates.

• Word Webs

  • Recognizing related words helps understand main ideas in a text.
  • Word webs assist with learning word families in your notebook.

• Conditionals

  • Different verb tenses change conditional meanings.
  • Examples: general facts ("If you go to parties, you meet a lot of people") versus predictions ("If you go to parties, you will meet a lot of people"). These conditionals are different situations.

• Skimming and Identifying Words

  • Skimming is a fast reading technique to understand general ideas, or section topics, in a text, and not every word.
  • Use of Key words in your reading.

• Sequencing Connectors

  • Sequencing connectors link opinions from one sentence to the next, making paragraphs cohesive.
    • Examples include: Before, As soon as, No sooner had. They clarify the sequence of events in a story.

• Plot

  • Plot encompasses main events in a story, presented as an interrelated sequence of actions.
  • Difference between Story and Plot: A plot is the framework of actions and events in a story

• Freytag's Pyramid introduces and explains the narrative structure typical of dramatic plots and narratives. The structure includes Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

• Exposition

  • The introduction of a story, details about setting, events leading to the main plot, and character backgrounds.

• Inciting Incident & Rising Action

  • The inciting incident is the event that sparks the main conflict and rising action.
  • Rising action presents escalating events that lead to the climax.

• Climax

  • The most intense point of conflict or tension leading to resolution of the main conflict of the story.

• Falling Action

  • The fallout or events following the climax of a story to its resolution.

• Resolution

  • The solution or end of the main problem or conflict in a story—the denouement.
  • The new normal is a sense of calm, changes, or future implications in the story.

• Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone - plot summary

  • Exposition: Introduction to Harry Potter, his hostile relatives (the Dursleys), and the unusual events surrounding him.
  • Rising Action: Harry discovers he is a wizard and explores the wizard world. Challenges and conflicts start at school.
  • Climax: Harry encounters challenges before the final confrontation. This is where the story's tension is at its peak or highest.
  • Falling Action: The conclusion or fallout from the story's climax or peak tension.
  • Resolution: The final outcome or solution to the story's conflicts, and the new normal.

• Character + Action = Plot

  • Understanding character and their motivations, actions, and will help understand a story's plot, as this is fundamental to literature.

• What Do They Want?

  • A character's desires or motivations drive many stories.

• What Are Their Weaknesses?

  • Exploring character weaknesses leads to greater depth and engagement as there is a clear vulnerability or problem the character must overcome, thus enhancing the storyline,

• Where Are They From?

  • Background knowledge about characters' origins often sheds light on their behaviors and motivations.

• Where Are They Going?

  • A character's destination or goal and the obstacles that hinder them help to construct the story's plot.

• What Can Your Characters Do to Surprise You?

  • Encourage exploring diverse and less-expected choices from narrative characters.
  • These choices create more nuanced and interesting plots.

• Essay Writing

  • Includes: Introduction, Thesis statement, Body paragraphs, and Conclusion
    • Illustration, Argument, Classification, Compare/Contrast, Cause/Effect are common academic essay types

• Essay Writing - Rules of Academic Essays

  • Use 3rd person pronouns
  • Properly cite sources using quotation marks and properly listing, whether handwritten or typed MLA/APA formats.

• Types of Essays and Their Structures

  • Description: Describes a place or event
  • Narration: Tells a story based on actual events.
  • Process: Explains how to do something.
  • Definition: Defines a concept or word. These essay types all depend on a similar structure to form their presentation.

• Essay Summary

  • Introduction should contain your thesis statement.
  • Body paragraphs support your thesis statement.
  • Conclusion summarizes and restates your thesis statement.

• Introduction Paragraph

  • Hooks can attract attention; examples: surprising statement, anecdote, question, quotation
  • Funnel approach generally applies: General statements/Hook; more specific statements; thesis statement

• Thesis Statements

  • Composed of topic and controlling idea that is arguable.
  • Avoid announcements.
  • Should not be obvious/popular opinions.

• Body Paragraphs Structure

  • Topic Sentence; supporting ideas; details and examples, and transition sentence between paragraphs.

• Introduction Sentence

  • Should contain the author, who they are, their current position, or what their role and organization is.

• Email Writing

  • Main ideas, details, appropriate tone, proper addresses, and a brief closing
  • Avoid informal language, complaints, or blaming others.

• 100% Sure of Responsibility : Use sincere phrases.

• Writing Process

  • Clustering/Outlining; writing a rough draft; revising; editing; finishing and adjusting the draft.

• Resume Writing

  • Chronological, Functional, Combination; how to present information
  • Headings, important words and using action words.
  • Tips for creating/formatting the resume

Test your knowledge on various literary concepts and the intricacies of MP3 technology. This quiz covers reading types, character development, and more. Perfect for students and enthusiasts eager to deepen their understanding.