Questions and Answers
Plato believed that authors can choose to present untruthful things in their texts.
True
According to Plato, authors are beneficial for society as they provide valuable knowledge through their literature.
False
John Dryden believed that literature is an imitation of human nature, allowing readers to understand the psychology of characters.
True
Samuel Johnson argued that human nature is not universal, as truths can vary based on different circumstances.
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Tracey Emin's art piece 'My Bed' was inspired by a joyful and celebratory phase in her life.
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Plato argued that readers are three times detached from the truth when engaging with literature.
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According to Tolstoy, art can be defined as an activity that produces beauty.
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Art, according to Tolstoy, is primarily a means of communication and expression.
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The aesthetics of an art, as per the moral lens perspective, is solely based on the beauty it imparts.
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According to Tolstoy, ideas and feelings are inseparable in their substance.
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Samuel Johnson's philosophy aligns with the instrumentalist theories that Tolstoy criticizes.
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Plato's perspective on art emphasizes 'art for art sake only'.
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Tolstoy believes that art can be effectively taught to individuals.
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According to Tolstoy, art is considered 'universal' if it expresses religious feelings.
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Tolstoy's view of art aligns closely with Plato's perspective on the role of art in society.
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According to Tolstoy, teaching art leads individuals to imitate other works of art.
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Tolstoy's aesthetic theory primarily revolves around his personal interpretation of Christianity.
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According to Tolstoy, art should aim to exclude certain moral perspectives in order to be truly 'universal'.
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Study Notes
Philosophers on Art and Literature
- Plato believes authors are dangerous as they can present untruthful information and perpetuate falsehoods.
- According to Plato, readers are three times detached from truth.
John Dryden on Literature
- Literature is knowledge properly presented, an imitation of human nature, allowing readers to understand character psychology.
Samuel Johnson on Human Nature
- Human nature is universal, meaning it is constantly true.
Tolstoy on Art
- Tolstoy argues that art cannot be defined as an activity that produces beauty, as beauty cannot be objectively defined.
- The aim of art is not to produce beauty, but to communicate and express human experiences and the human condition.
Tolstoy's Conditions for Art
- The first condition is the sincerity of the artist's feeling.
- The second condition is the degree of individuality of the feeling transmitted.
- The third condition is the beauty (clarity) of expression.
Tolstoy on Teaching Art
- Tolstoy believes that teaching art destroys its spontaneity and individuality.
Tolstoy on Universal Art
- Tolstoy thinks that art is "universal" if it expresses religious feelings.
- Universal art expresses the perception that human wellbeing depends on social harmony and understanding.
Tracy Emin's "My Bed"
- "My Bed" is a work by Tracey Emin, created in 1998 and exhibited at the Tate Gallery in 1999.
- It consists of her bed with bedroom objects in a disheveled state and gained much media attention.
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