Resistance as a form of Contestation in the Poetry of Langston Hughes
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Questions and Answers

What literary movement did Langston Hughes contribute to?

  • Realism
  • Harlem Renaissance (correct)
  • Beat Generation
  • Romanticism

    • In the context of the text, what is the primary focus of Langston Hughes' early stage poetry?

  • Reflecting on romantic relationships
  • Exploring futuristic themes
  • Celebrating opulence and wealth
  • Highlighting positive adaptation to adversity (correct)

    • What is the main theme of the article based on the text?

  • The decline of the Harlem Renaissance movement
  • The role of literature in promoting resilience among oppressed groups (correct)
  • The impact of trauma on African American communities
  • The history of African American poetry

    • What is the historical association mentioned in the text?

    <p>Association between racism and negative psychological outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what concept has been inexorably bound to the history of the African American community?

    <p>Oppression and degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Langston Hughes primarily known for?

    <p>Poetry, novel writing, and playwriting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Langston Hughes' poetry, which pronoun does he use to establish emotional distance from those who do not share his experiences?

    <p>&quot;you&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary device does Langston Hughes frequently use in 'Red Roses' to convey resilience and encouragement against suffering?

    <p>Metaphors and colloquial language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which poems does Langston Hughes display resistance as a common attitude to overcome adversity?

    <p>'Red Roses' and 'Hey., Hey.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Langston Hughes' style as recognized later, despite being initially defined as simple and unlearned?

    <p>An illusion of simplicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Langston Hughes' early stage poetry?

    <p>Experiences of oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which poems does Langston Hughes use the imperative form accompanying 'you' to indicate ways to overcome adversity?

    <p>'Dreams' and 'The Dream Keeper'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is inexorably bound to the history of the African American community, as expressed in Langston Hughes' poetry?

    <p>Adversity and positive adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Langston Hughes aim to accomplish by using 'we' sparingly in his poetry?

    <p>To reach the black masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'To Certain Intellectuals' (1925) expresses a duality between which two elements?

    <p>Adversity and positive adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hey., Hey.' conveys which common attitude in Langston Hughes' poetry?

    <p>Means of positive adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'I, Too' uses which pronoun to identify with experiences of oppression?

    <p>&quot;I&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Langston Hughes's work?

    <p>Defending dignity and humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who influenced Langston Hughes's work?

    <p>Harriet Beecher Stowe and W. E. B. Du Bois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical events inspired Langston Hughes's ideological transformation?

    <p>Quest for racial pride and identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Langston Hughes's poetry during the 1920s celebrate?

    <p>The worthiness of African American culture to the white world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Langston Hughes use to create African American poetry?

    <p>Oral tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement was Langston Hughes part of?

    <p>New Negro Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Langston Hughes's poetry reflect?

    <p>The essence of the spirituals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Langston Hughes aim to do with his literary contributions?

    <p>Rehabilitate the race in world esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which authors influenced Langston Hughes?

    <p>Ralph Ellison and Zora Neale Hurston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme present in Langston Hughes's work?

    <p>Defending dignity and humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary movement was Langston Hughes associated with?

    <p>Harlem Renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the essence of spirituals reflected in Langston Hughes's poetry?

    <p>History of suffering, sorrow, and oppression of the black race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered a prominent figure of the Harlem Renaissance as a poet, novelist, and playwright?

    <p>Langston Hughes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cultural movement in the 1920s that helped African Americans reclaim their identity and pride?

    <p>The Harlem Renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Harlem Renaissance take place, becoming the mecca of the Negro artist and epitomizing the artistic movement?

    <p>Harlem, New York</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inspired the Harlem Renaissance?

    <p>Feelings of empowerment and independence during World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who spoke for the African American community at a time when America was predominantly white?

    <p>Langston Hughes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Langston Hughes's literature aim to provide during the Harlem Renaissance?

    <p>Hope in hardship and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Harlem Renaissance in response to the cultural trauma experienced by African Americans?

    <p>To transform negative experiences into positive ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Langston Hughes's work reflect during the time of oppression and discrimination?

    <p>Struggle, inner strength, and courage of African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did African Americans seek to rediscover and redefine during the Harlem Renaissance?

    <p>Their cultural roots and identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the peak period for the struggle for equal rights in the United States?

    <p>The mid-1950s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a cultural trauma experienced by African Americans?

    <p>Loss of identity and meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement aimed to help African Americans rebuild their collective memory and reaffirm their worth?

    <p>The Harlem Renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best characterizes Langston Hughes' poetry during the 1920s and early 1930s?

    <p>A celebration of difference and an appreciation of race from a positive perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did Hughes' father's hatred towards black people have on him?

    <p>It greatly affected him, leading to his failure to visit his father in Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which poetic devices did Langston Hughes use in his early poetry as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Present and imperative tenses, colloquial language, and metaphors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Langston Hughes travel to in 1923, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The west coast of Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which collection of poetry by Langston Hughes is significant for its exploration of adversity and resilience?

    <p>The Weary Blues (1926) and Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hughes aim to do with his poetry during the 1920s and early 1930s?

    <p>Explain and illuminate the Negro condition in America and humanity as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary theme of Langston Hughes' early stage poetry?

    <p>Exploration of adversity and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about Hughes' enrollment at Columbia University?

    <p>He withdrew after a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Weary Blues' and 'Fine Clothes to the Jew' are examples of which phase of Langston Hughes' poetry?

    <p>'The Weary Blues' (1926) and 'Fine Clothes to the Jew' (1927)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hughes discover during his travels to the west coast of Africa?

    <p>The meaning of blackness and identification with his African heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What literary movement influenced Langston Hughes' poetry during the 1920s?

    <p>The Harlem Renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept referring to an individual's ability to cope with stress and adversity, despite negative experiences?

    <p>Psychological resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can contribute to psychological resilience and is not necessarily related to race?

    <p>Optimism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What promotes the implementation of resilience mechanisms, leading to higher resilience in minority ethnic groups, including African Americans?

    <p>Empirical experience with traumatic stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural factor has been shown to have a protective function in African American communities, helping individuals cope with psychological distress from racial discrimination?

    <p>Racial socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the article explore the relationship between in African Americans and focuses on the role of Langston Hughes' early poetry?

    <p>The relationship between racial oppression and psychological resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Langston Hughes' early poetry according to the text?

    <p>Exploring the relationship between racial oppression and psychological trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary device does Langston Hughes frequently use to convey resilience and encouragement against suffering?

    <p>'You' with imperative form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did empirical experience with traumatic stressors promote in minority ethnic groups, including African Americans?

    <p>Higher resilience through protective factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement in the 1920s that helped African Americans reclaim their identity and pride.

    • The struggle for equal rights in the United States reached a peak during the American Civil Rights Movement in the mid-1950s.

    • The Harlem Renaissance was inspired by the feelings of empowerment and independence during World War I.

    • African Americans sought to rediscover their cultural roots and redefine their identity, which was a result of their Americanization and the annihilation of their cultural foundations.

    • The Harlem Renaissance took place in Harlem, New York, which became the mecca of the Negro artist and epitomized the artistic movement.

    • Langston Hughes was a prominent figure of the Harlem Renaissance as a poet, novelist, and playwright, and he spoke for the African American community at a time when America was predominantly white.

    • Hughes portrayed a positive and optimistic approach towards the African American experience, using his literature to provide hope in hardship and demonstrate resilience.

    • The Harlem Renaissance helped African Americans rebuild their collective memory and reaffirm their worth and cultural heritage.

    • The movement was a response to the cultural trauma experienced by African Americans, which involved a loss of identity and meaning, and aimed to transform negative experiences into positive ones.

    • Hughes's work reflects the struggle, inner strength, and courage of African Americans during a time of oppression and discrimination.

    • The article explores the relationship between racial oppression, psychological trauma, and resilience in African Americans, focusing on the role of Langston Hughes' early poetry.

    • African Americans have historically faced oppression, racism, and trauma, resulting in psychological and physiological health issues such as somatic complaints, negative affect, depression, anxiety, and post-trauma responses.

    • Psychological resilience is a concept referring to an individual's ability to cope with stress and adversity, despite negative experiences.

    • Resilience is influenced by both adversity and positive adaptation, which can include behaviorally manifested social competence and success in meeting developmental tasks.

    • General protective factors, not necessarily related to race, can contribute to psychological resilience, such as optimism, curiosity, energy, detachment, hardiness, positive affect, self-efficacy, self-esteem, positive emotions, spirituality, and extraversion.

    • Empirical experience with traumatic stressors can promote the implementation of resilience mechanisms, leading to higher resilience in minority ethnic groups, including African Americans.

    • Cultural factors, such as racial socialization and social support networks, have been shown to have a protective function in African American communities, helping individuals cope with psychological distress from racial discrimination.

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