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Lise Meitner: Pioneer of Nuclear Physics

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Lise Meitner: Pioneer of Nuclear Physics

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Questions and Answers

Which factor most significantly contributed to Lise Meitner's early access to advanced education, despite societal limitations for women at the time?

Winning a scholarship that specifically supported women in STEM.

The public school system in Vienna readily accepting female students.

Her brother's connections with prominent scientists who advocated for her education.

Her father's influence and financial support for private tutoring. (correct)

What was the primary reason Lise Meitner moved to Sweden in 1938?

To escape the increasing persecution of Jewish people under Nazi German rule after the annexation of Austria. (correct)

To recover from a severe illness and seek a more peaceful and supportive environment.

To collaborate with Swedish scientists on a highly classified nuclear project.

To accept a prestigious professorship at the University of Stockholm.

What was the key contribution made by Meitner that resulted in the published theory of nuclear fission?

Developing the chemical techniques necessary to isolate and analyze the products of nuclear fission.

Conducting the initial experiments that demonstrated the splitting of the uranium atom.

Providing the theoretical explanation and calculations that elucidated the process of nuclear fission, coining the term. (correct)

Securing funding for the research project that ultimately led to the discovery of nuclear fission.

What distinguished Meitner's doctoral thesis from conventional physics research at the University of Vienna in 1906?

<p>It investigated heat conduction in inhomogeneous solids, a relatively unexplored area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides physics, what other subject was of particular interest to Lise Meitner during her childhood?

<p>Mathematics, prompting her to explore complex problems at a young age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lise Meitner

An Austrian physicist known for coining 'nuclear fission'.

Nuclear Fission

The process of splitting an atomic nucleus to release energy.

University of Vienna

The institution where Meitner studied and earned her doctorate.

Leibniz Medal

A prestigious award given to Meitner for her contributions in physics.

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Enrico Fermi Award

An award received by Meitner in 1966 for her work in nuclear science.

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Study Notes

Lise Meitner

Austrian theoretical nuclear physicist
Coined the term "nuclear fission"
Explained the science behind the splitting of uranium atoms
Carried out her work with colleagues in 1938

Meitner's Background

Grew up in Vienna, third of eight children
Jewish family, Father was a lawyer
Intellectually stimulating environment, often present in family gatherings
Kept a mathematics notebook at a very young age
Asked probing questions about the world and the patterns around her
Father ensured Meitner had the same education as his sons
Private tutoring
Passed the entrance exam for the University of Vienna in 1901
Passed the university's physics course in 1901
Became one of the first women to attend the university

Meitner's Research

Worked in Berlin from 1907
Worked as an assistant at Max Planck's physics institute
Awarded the Leibnitz Medal
Made supervisor of the physics section in 1917
Escaped Nazi Germany in 1938.

Meitner's Revolutionary Paper

Along with Otto Frisch, she published the theory of nuclear fission in Nature on February 11, 1939.

Meitner's Long-awaited Award

Awarded the 1966 Enrico Fermi Award by US Atomic Energy Commission

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Description

This quiz explores the life and achievements of Lise Meitner, an Austrian theoretical nuclear physicist pivotal in the discovery of nuclear fission. Learn about her background, groundbreaking research, and the challenges she faced as a woman in science during the early 20th century.