Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan Workshop

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Questions and Answers

What significant event occurred to WaMu in September 2008?

  • WaMu's stock rose to over $50 per share
  • WaMu declared bankruptcy without external intervention
  • The FDIC seized WaMu and sold its assets to JPMorgan Chase (correct)
  • WaMu was acquired by Bank of America

What contributed to WaMu's stock peaking over $40 per share?

  • Aggressive expansion in mortgage lending (correct)
  • Cautious lending practices and risk management
  • A focus on commercial real estate investments
  • A decrease in subprime loan issuance

What was the total assets of WaMu at the time of its failure?

  • Approximately $188 billion
  • Approximately $307 billion (correct)
  • Approximately $1.9 billion
  • Approximately $40 billion

Which of the following factors was a primary cause of WaMu's collapse?

<p>Rapid increase in subprime loan issuance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was WaMu's total deposits at the time it was seized?

<p>Confidential information not disclosed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ensuring that a bank can meet its short-term obligations during financial disturbances?

<p>To avoid disruptions in operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a formal contingency funding plan (CFP) assist banks in managing liquidity issues?

<p>By managing stress events and clarifying responsibilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of maintaining adequate cash flow during adverse conditions?

<p>Providing a cushion against unexpected market changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulatory guidelines significantly impact liquidity requirements for banks?

<p>Basel III liquidity standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does BNM play in relation to liquidity regulations?

<p>Regulating liquidity and addressing shortfalls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary objectives of the Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan (LCFP)?

<p>To ensure procedures for fund access during emergencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which committee is responsible for overseeing Liquidity Risk Management?

<p>Board of Risk Committee (BRC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) play in the Liquidity Management Committee (LMC)?

<p>Chairperson of the committee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a quorum in the Liquidity Management Committee (LMC)?

<p>Majority of committee members above 50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is timely communication considered essential during a liquidity crisis?

<p>To facilitate quick decision-making for the Bank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the management of liquidity crises as stated in the objectives?

<p>Clear roles and responsibility for personnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is kept informed about liquidity crisis events for effective strategic decision making?

<p>Board of Directors (BOD) and Board of Risk Committee (BRC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is essential for successfully implementing the Contingency Funding Plan?

<p>Regular testing and updating for operational robustness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior do wholesale customers exhibit in response to anticipated interest rate hikes?

<p>They transfer assets to short-dated deposits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate consequence of the allegations made on social media regarding the Bank?

<p>A decrease in the Bank's Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulatory action is being taken by the CEO in response to the declining liquidity conditions?

<p>Invoking the Liquidity Crisis Framework Policy (LCFP). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much total have retail customers withdrawn in the past week?

<p>RM2 billion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of formulating a communication action plan in this scenario?

<p>To reassure customers of the Bank's financial stability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one strategy to manage fund utilization during a liquidity crisis?

<p>Approve new financing selectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which officer is primarily responsible for enforcing a stricter collection process?

<p>Chief Collection &amp; Recovery Officer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can be taken regarding unused financing lines during a liquidity crisis?

<p>Reduce unused lines with customer agreement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential action related to cash access for MEPS card holders?

<p>Limit cash access for MEPS card holders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for deciding on the execution of mitigation strategies outlined in the liquidity crisis plan?

<p>Liquidity Management Committee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of selectively approving new financing during a liquidity crisis?

<p>To reduce large fund utilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a potential outcome of implementing a stricter collection process?

<p>It may ensure continuation of cash inflow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Chief Retail Banking Officer play in mitigating a liquidity crisis?

<p>They are involved in reducing large fund utilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the liquidity crisis for Silicon Valley Bank (SVB)?

<p>An announcement to raise capital of $1.75 billion (A), A sudden withdrawal of $42 billion in 48 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What largely contributed to the collapse of SVB despite its healthy liquidity indicators?

<p>Concentration risk in wholesale deposits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk did SVB face due to its asset composition during the liquidity crisis?

<p>A high percentage of fixed-rate bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial strategy did SVB employ to manage cash outflows and obligations?

<p>Selling available-for-sale (AFS) securities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor causing losses in SVB's available-for-sale (AFS) portfolio?

<p>Drop in bond prices due to rising interest rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of SVB's financial strategy left it vulnerable during the liquidity crisis?

<p>Lack of hedging with floating swaps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of clients primarily contributed to the concentration risk faced by SVB?

<p>US tech companies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the elevated client cash burn for SVB?

<p>Pressure on balance of fund flows (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant asset change occurred at SVB from 2020 to 2022?

<p>Increase in total assets from $85 billion to $216 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important lesson can be learned from SVB's liquidity crisis?

<p>Diversifying client base is crucial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulatory action was taken against SVB during the crisis?

<p>Placing under receivership by FDIC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation play in SVB's crisis?

<p>Seized SVB and placed it under receivership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does AFS stand for in the context of SVB's financial strategy?

<p>Available-for-Sale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did SVB experience the most significant withdrawal of deposits?

<p>March 2023 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge resulting from SVB's fixed-rate bonds?

<p>They had rising costs of funding (COF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Liquidity Risk

The risk that a bank may not have enough liquid assets to meet its obligations.

Contingency Funding Plan (CFP)

A plan to ensure a bank has enough funds during an emergency.

Liquidity Management Committee (LMC)

A committee responsible for overseeing liquidity risk management.

Board of Risk Committee (BRC)

A committee that oversees liquidity risk management.

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Operational Robustness

The ability of a plan to function effectively in emergency situations.

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Timely and Precise Communication

Communication that arrives on time with accurate information to facilitate swift decisions.

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Clear Role and Responsibility

Clearly defining roles and responsibilities for handling a liquidity crisis.

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Quorum

The minimum number of members required to be present for a meeting to be valid.

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Subprime Mortgage Crisis

A period of high subprime mortgage lending, leading to significant financial issues in the housing market.

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WaMu's Failure

The collapse of Washington Mutual (WaMu), a major US savings and loan association, largely due to risky lending and the subprime mortgage crisis.

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FDIC seizure and sale

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) took control of WaMu and sold its assets to another bank for a substantial amount.

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WaMu stock peaks

WaMu's stock price reached a high point before its collapse, driven by aggressive expansion in mortgage lending.

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WaMu loan portfolio

WaMu's collection of mortgages. A significant portion was in subprime mortgages, contributing to its problems.

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Silicon Valley Bank (SVB)

A US-based bank which experienced a major liquidity crisis in 2023.

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Concentration Risk

Risk associated with holding a significant portion of assets or liabilities in a single area or industry.

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Wholesale deposits

Large deposits from corporations or institutions, often with specific conditions.

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Low insured deposit

Deposits not fully covered by deposit insurance.

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Asset-backed securities (AFS)

Financial assets whose value is built off of other assets.

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Interest rate

The rate charged for borrowing money or earned on savings.

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Bond prices

Value of debt securities.

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Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan

A plan to handle unexpected liquidity issues within a financial institution.

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Cash burn

The rate at which a company spends cash.

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Washington Mutual (WaMu)

A US bank that experienced a significant liquidity crisis in 2008.

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Liquidity Crunch

A situation where a bank doesn't have enough liquid assets (easily convertible to cash) to meet its short-term obligations.

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Role of the BNM in Liquidity Regulations

The Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) sets guidelines for managing liquidity risk, including requirements for liquidity coverage ratios (LCR) and net stable funding ratios (NSFR).

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Basel III Liquidity Standards

International guidelines that set minimum liquidity requirements for banks, promoting financial resilience and stability.

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Benefits of Contingency Funding Sources

These sources provide a cushion against unexpected market changes, prevent liquidity crunches, and enhance trust among stakeholders.

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What can trigger a liquidity crisis?

Unexpected deposit withdrawals caused by factors like interest rate changes, rumors, or negative media coverage can create a liquidity crisis, as the bank may not have enough cash to meet its obligations.

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What is LCFP?

LCFP stands for Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan. It's a bank's emergency plan to address liquidity issues during a crisis, like when there are unexpected withdrawals.

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What is LCR?

LCR stands for Liquidity Coverage Ratio. It's a measure of a bank's ability to meet its short-term obligations for a month using high-quality liquid assets.

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What happens if a bank's LCR hits crisis alert limit?

When a bank's LCR hits crisis alert limit, it means the bank is struggling to meet its short-term obligations and may need to activate its contingency plans to address the situation.

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What should be included in a communication action plan?

A communication action plan should clearly explain the situation to customers and stakeholders, reassure them about the bank's financial stability, and address concerns or rumors effectively.

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What is a mitigation plan for a liquidity crisis?

A set of strategies a bank uses to overcome a shortage of funds. It includes actions to obtain funding, manage cash flow, and minimize the impact on operations.

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LMC

The Liquidity Management Committee is responsible for deciding which strategies to execute during a liquidity crisis.

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Reduce Unused Lines

During a liquidity crisis, banks can ask customers to reduce their credit line usage to free up funds.

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Stricter Collection Enforcement

Banks may actively collect debts to increase cash flow during a liquidity crisis.

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ATM Access Limitation

Banks may limit ATM access during a liquidity crisis to manage cash withdrawals.

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LCFP Process

The Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan (LCFP) process helps a bank obtain funding during an emergency.

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CBBO Role

The Chief Business Banking Officer (CBBO) is involved in developing strategies for mitigating liquidity crises and overseeing the approval of new financing.

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CCRO Role

The Chief Collection & Recovery Officer (CCRO) is responsible for ensuring cash inflow during a liquidity crisis by enforcing stricter collection processes.

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Study Notes

Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan Workshop

  • Date: November 27, 2024
  • Presenters: Norhayati Masol, Mohd Sairi Mat Saidi, Mohd Rahmat Ngah
  • Workshop Focus: Market and Liquidity Risk
  • Target Audience: Bank Rakyat Only (Confidential)

Workshop Content

  • Lesson Learn - Liquidity Crisis Past Events: Includes case studies of past liquidity crisis events
  • Introduction to Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan: Explains foundational concepts of liquidity contingency planning
  • Implementation of the Contingency Funding Plan: Details the practical steps in implementing a contingency funding plan
  • Components of a Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan: Covers the various components of a comprehensive contingency funding plan
  • Test Case: Case studies or scenarios for practical application of the concepts
  • Q&A Session: Open forum for questions and answers

Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) Liquidity Crisis Event

  • Date: 8/3/2023 and 10/3/2023
  • Assets: $42 billion in bank assets
  • Capital Increase: $1.75 billion raised by SVB
  • Sale of AFS Portfolio: $21 billion, with a loss of $1.8 billion, -1.79% yield
  • FDIC Seizure and Receivership: Placed under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's (FDIC) receivership

SVB Financial Indicators

  • Asset Composition: 62% of assets are cash and high-quality fixed income securities.
  • Liquidity: Ample liquidity as a majority of securities are in USTs and government-sponsored enterprise securities.
  • Capital Ratios: Pro forma capital ratios well above regulatory minimums, targeting 7–8%.

WaMu (Washington Mutual) Liquidity Crisis Event

  • Founding: Founded in 1889
  • Crisis: Subprime Mortgage Crisis of 2007-2008
  • Stock Peak: WaMu stock peaked at over $40 per share
  • Causes of collapse: Aggressive expansion into subprime mortgage lending, highly leveraged adjustable-rate mortgages, and interest-only loans during a period of high sub-prime mortgage issuance.
  • FDIC Seizure: FDIC seized assets and sold them to JPMorgan Chase for $1.9 billion.
  • Stock Plummet: WaMu stock price dropped by over 90%

Government Intervention & FDIC's Role

  • FDIC Seizure: FDIC seized WaMu's assets.
  • J.P. Morgan Acquisition: JPMorgan Chase acquired WaMu for $1.9 billion.

Contingency Funding Plan Definitions and Importance

  • Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan: A backup plan for banks to have access to funds during a crisis.
  • Importance in Financial Stability: Maintaining continuity during financial disturbances, enhancing trust, preventing liquidity crunches.

Regulatory Context

  • Basel III: Liquidity standards impacting liquidity planning
  • BNM Policies: Policies (e.g., LCR, NSFR) related to liquidity risk.
  • Compliance Requirements: Formal contingency funding plan (CFP) for addressing liquidity shortfalls in emergencies, policies to manage stress events, lines of responsibility, and procedure, testing, and updating

Objectives of the LMC

  • Procedure Management: Ensuring procedures to access funds in emergencies
  • Communication & Plan: Time and precise communication to facilitate the bank's quick decision-making
  • Roles & Responsibility: Clear roles and responsibilities for all personnel for the effective management of liquidity crises

LCFP Process

  • Comprehensive Plan: The presentation details a very detailed and comprehensive methodology of the implementation of LCFP across a large range of situations for a bank, including analysis and monitoring, communication and reporting mechanisms, roles and responsibilities.

Test Cases

  • Case Studies: The document has a number of detailed hypothetical examples to analyse the implementation of the LCFP.

Key Lessons from Liquidity Contingency Funding Plan

  • Diversification of funding sources: Avoiding reliance just one source.
  • Importance of Preparation: Preparing for a wide range of potential stressors

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