Liquidated Damages and Discretionary Remedies
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a court's order to perform a positive obligation in a contract?

  • Specific Performance (correct)
  • Accounting
  • Rectification
  • Rescission

What type of obligation is commonly found in contracts for the sale of a business?

  • Rectification obligation
  • Positive obligation
  • accounting obligation
  • Negative obligation (correct)

What is the purpose of a restrictive covenant in a contract of employment?

  • To ensure an employee works for a rival employer
  • To prevent an employee from setting up a rival business
  • To ensure an employee gets a certain amount of salary
  • To restrict an employee from working for a rival employer in the same area (correct)

What is the term for a court's order that a party do the very thing they undertook to do in a contract?

<p>Literal Performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a type of literal performance mentioned in the lecture?

<p>Rectification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the common law, what is the secondary remedy?

<p>Specific Performance or Injunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of damages are provided for in a contract?

<p>Liquidated Damages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of liquidated damages?

<p>To enforce literal performance of the contract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between liquidated damages and unliquidated damages?

<p>Liquidated damages are specified in the contract, while unliquidated damages are determined by the court (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be discussed in the next two lectures?

<p>Specific Performance and Liquidated Damages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary remedy for a breach of contract in the common law?

<p>Damages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of equitable remedies in a breach of contract?

<p>To seek the performance of the contract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an injunction in the context of contract law?

<p>An order that prohibits a party from certain actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an order of specific performance?

<p>To compel a party to perform a contract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is literal performance in the context of contract law?

<p>The court ordering a party to do exactly what they undertook to do (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of liquidated damages?

<p>A combination of damages and literal performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context can liquidated damages clauses be considered valid?

<p>When the court exercises its discretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of understanding liquidated damages clauses?

<p>To understand how to establish their validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Cavendish Square Holdings v Makdessi case?

<p>It changed the law regarding liquidated damages clauses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a situation where a liquidated damages clause might be used?

<p>A construction contract to build a factory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a breach of contract in Example 1?

<p>A further sum of £500 is payable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the clause in Example 2 not subject to the penalty jurisdiction?

<p>Because the extra £500 is not a sum payable on a breach of contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the case of Cavendish Square Holdings v Makdessi in 2015?

<p>It reformed the law on contractual penalties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the penalty jurisdiction?

<p>A court's power to review and amend contractual penalties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the penalty rule?

<p>To determine the validity of a contractual clause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of an injunction in a contract dispute?

<p>To prohibit certain conduct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances would an injunction not be granted in a contract dispute?

<p>When an order for specific performance would not be granted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying assumption of an award of damages in a contract breach?

<p>That substitutes are available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an examination question that asks about the adequacy of damages as a remedy for a breach of contract?

<p>To test the student's understanding of the nature of damages as a remedy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Warner Bros v Nelson case in the context of employment contracts?

<p>It demonstrated the effectiveness of an injunction in enforcing a negative covenant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Cavendish v Makdessi, what was the reason for the validity of the clause?

<p>The purchaser had a legitimate interest in protecting the business they bought. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of appeal number 1 in the case of Cavendish v Makdessi?

<p>The clause was valid due to the purchaser's legitimate interest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the comparison between appeal number 1 and appeal number 2 in the Cavendish v Makdessi case?

<p>Appeal number 1 involved a multimillion-pound sale of a business, while appeal number 2 involved a £85 payment for parking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a clause that forces the seller to pay a large sum of money if they breach the agreement?

<p>To protect the purchaser's legitimate interest in the business. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main test for the validity of a clause?

<p>The party seeking to enforce the clause must have a legitimate interest, and the sum in the clause must be proportional to the protection of that legitimate interest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence if the seller breaches the agreement in the case of Cavendish v Makdessi?

<p>The seller has to pay a large sum of money. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between appeal number 1 and appeal number 2 in the Cavendish v Makdessi case?

<p>The amount of money involved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the clause enforcing the promise not to compete valid in the Cavendish v Makdessi case?

<p>Because the purchaser paid full value for the business. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a clause that requires the seller to pay a large sum of money if they breach the agreement?

<p>To protect the purchaser's legitimate interest in the business. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the test for the validity of a clause, according to the new test?

<p>The party seeking to enforce the clause must have a legitimate interest, and the sum in the clause must be proportional to the protection of that legitimate interest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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