Lipids Overview

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Which subgroup of lipids are fats categorized under?

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

Triglycerides (correct)

Monoglycerides

Which of the following is not included in the broad group of lipids?

Sterols

Monosaccharides (correct)

Phospholipids

Waxes

What are the functions of lipids?

Regulating body temperature, aiding in digestion, and supporting organ function

Transporting oxygen, storing energy, and providing structure to bones

Storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes (correct)

Acting as enzymes, providing insulation, and facilitating nerve transmission

Which fat-soluble vitamins are mentioned in the text?

Vitamins A, D, E and K Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids?

Fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group terminates the hydrocarbon chain of fatty acids?

Carboxylic acid group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What are glycolipids composed of?

Glycerol and fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in metabolizing fat from adipose tissue?

Hydrolysis of triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What molecules are involved in the chain-elongation process during fatty acid synthesis?

Acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and methylmalonyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of glycerophospholipids in cells?

Cell membrane component Signup and view all the answers

From which amino acid is the common structural feature of sphingolipids synthesized de novo?

Serine Signup and view all the answers

What is the major sphingoid base commonly referred to in mammals?

Sphingosine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important component of membrane lipids along with glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins?

Sterols Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of steroids in biological systems?

Hormones and signaling molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is implicated in alterations related to various neurological disorders?

Glycerophospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which family of steroids is comprised of the C19 steroids such as testosterone and androsterone?

Androgens family Signup and view all the answers

What are the precursors for synthesizing prenol lipids?

Isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carotenoids?

Antioxidants Signup and view all the answers

Which class of molecules contain an isoprenoid tail attached to a quinonoid core of non-isoprenoid origin?

Quinones and hydroquinones Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds do saccharolipids describe?

Compounds with a sugar backbone linked to a membrane bilayer structure Signup and view all the answers

How are polyketides synthesized?

By polymerization of acetyl and propionyl subunits by classic enzymes with the fatty acid synthases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of many polyketides?

Microbial, marine, and fungal sources Signup and view all the answers

Which modifications are often made to the backbones of cyclic polyketides?

Glycosylation, methylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, or other processes Signup and view all the answers

What are polyketides commonly used as?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers