Podcast
Questions and Answers
List the functions of the three different types of lipids.
List the functions of the three different types of lipids.
- Triacylglycerols: energy storage; 2. Phospholipids: form membranes; 3. Steroids: maintain membrane fluidity and serve as sex hormones.
Name the organelles of eukaryotic cells in which lipids are synthesized.
Name the organelles of eukaryotic cells in which lipids are synthesized.
Lysosome, nucleus, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), chloroplasts (plant only), mitochondria, vacuole, and cytoplasm.
Recognize examples of a phospholipid.
Recognize examples of a phospholipid.
Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine.
Explain what it means if a triglyceride is saturated or unsaturated.
Explain what it means if a triglyceride is saturated or unsaturated.
Correctly state the number of double bonds in a hydrocarbon chain based on the chemical formula C₆H₁₀.
Correctly state the number of double bonds in a hydrocarbon chain based on the chemical formula C₆H₁₀.
Predict the effect on the physical state of a triglyceride if double bonds are introduced or removed from the fatty acid side chains.
Predict the effect on the physical state of a triglyceride if double bonds are introduced or removed from the fatty acid side chains.
Explain why phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.
Explain why phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.
Recognize examples of a steroid.
Recognize examples of a steroid.
Draw a triglyceride and a phospholipid. Label the glycerol, the fatty acid side chains, the ester bonds, and the polar head group of the phospholipid.
Draw a triglyceride and a phospholipid. Label the glycerol, the fatty acid side chains, the ester bonds, and the polar head group of the phospholipid.
Recognize an example of a triglyceride.
Recognize an example of a triglyceride.
Flashcards
Function of Triacylglycerols
Function of Triacylglycerols
Triacylglycerols, also known as fats and oils, primarily store energy. They are more compact than starch.
Phospholipid Structure
Phospholipid Structure
Phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails. This creates a lipid bilayer.
Cholesterol's Role
Cholesterol's Role
Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and is a precursor for hormones (like testosterone and estrogen).
Saturated Triglycerides
Saturated Triglycerides
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Unsaturated Triglycerides
Unsaturated Triglycerides
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Triglyceride Structure
Triglyceride Structure
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Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer
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Amphipathic
Amphipathic
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Steroid Structure
Steroid Structure
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Double bond in Hydrocarbon
Double bond in Hydrocarbon
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Study Notes
Functions of Lipids
- Triacylglycerols (fats and oils) primarily serve as energy storage, being more compact than starch.
- Phospholipids create lipid bilayers due to their amphipathic nature, forming membranes that protect hydrophobic tails from water.
- Cholesterol, a type of steroid, plays crucial roles in maintaining membrane fluidity and is a precursor for sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone).
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles for Lipid Synthesis
- Lipids are synthesized in various organelles, including the lysosome, nucleus, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, and the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- Plant-specific locations for lipid synthesis include the cell wall and chloroplasts; mitochondria and vacuoles in both plant and animal cells also contribute.
Phospholipid Examples
- Recognizable features of phospholipids include a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails, essential for forming cellular membranes.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Triglycerides
- Saturated triglycerides contain only single bonds and are usually solid at room temperature, referred to as "fats."
- Unsaturated triglycerides, with one or more double bonds, have "kinky" structures that prevent tight packing, resulting in a liquid state (oils).
Double Bonds in Hydrocarbon Chains
- A hydrocarbon chain formula such as C₆H₁₀ indicates the presence of two double bonds.
Physical State Changes in Triglycerides
- Introducing double bonds into triglyceride fatty acid chains leads to unsaturation, resulting in liquid forms (oils).
Amphipathic Nature of Phospholipids
- Phospholipids have amphipathic properties as a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid, resulting in a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails that form bilayers in membranes.
Characteristics of Steroids
- Steroids have a unique carbon skeleton consisting of four interconnected rings and are not modular or polymer-based; they play vital roles in cellular communication.
Drawing Triglycerides and Phospholipids
- Triglycerides consist of three fatty acid side chains connected to a glycerol via ester bonds.
- Phospholipids feature a polar head group, glycerol, and two fatty acid tails.
Recognizing Triglycerides
- Triglycerides are characterized by the presence of three fatty acid side chains attached to a glycerol backbone.
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