Lipids Flashcards

Generally hydrophobic, amphipathic, water-insoluble organic compounds, do not form large covalent polymers, associate through noncovalent forces, have a polar (hydrophilic) head and a nonpolar (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon tail.

A large portion of their structure is hydrocarbon.

Energy storage, signaling, formation of membrane structures.

<p>Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, waxes, prostaglandins, and steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partitions that divide compartments from one another and separate the cell from its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective membrane permeability, establish order by compartmentation, allow free energy to be stored in concentration gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rarely found free in solution; they are in complex with soluble protein transporters or part of higher-order assemblies like micelles, vesicles, and bilayers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noncovalent interactions including the hydrophobic effect and van der Waals interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The polar hydrophilic head groups of membrane lipids associate with water, allowing the formation of surface monolayers, bilayers, micelles, and vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hydrophilic carboxylate group at one end of the hydrocarbon chain, typically containing 12-24 carbons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carbons of the tail are all saturated with hydrogen atoms with no double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single C-C bonds, fit closely together in a regular pattern, strong attractions between fatty acid chains, high melting points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain one or more double bonds and are typically liquid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long saturated chains can pack closely together, increasing van der Waals contacts and forming regular bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bends caused by cis double bonds prevent tight packing, making them more dynamic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cis and trans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inserts a bend into the hydrocarbon chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are synthesized by sequential additions of a two-carbon precursor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocarbon chains are linear in most fatty acids, with some containing branches or cyclic structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 carbons, 4 cis double bonds, double bonds at C5, C8, C11, C14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the location of C=C bonds using terms like omega carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fatty acid with a double bond at the third C atom from the w carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.5. Fatty acids are weak acids defined as RCOOH ⇌ RCOO- + H+.</p> Signup and view all the answers