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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?
What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?
- Cell membrane structure and function
- Energy storage and insulation (correct)
- Component of biological fluids
- Hormone synthesis and signal transduction
What type of fatty acid has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms?
What type of fatty acid has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms?
- Unsaturated (correct)
- Saturated
- Omega-3
- Omega-9
What is the main component of phospholipid head groups?
What is the main component of phospholipid head groups?
- Fatty acid chains
- Choline, ethanolamine, or serine (correct)
- Phosphate group
- Glycerol
Where are triglycerides primarily found in the body?
Where are triglycerides primarily found in the body?
What is the function of phospholipids in the body?
What is the function of phospholipids in the body?
What is the characteristic of fatty acids that determines their classification as omega-3, omega-6, or omega-9?
What is the characteristic of fatty acids that determines their classification as omega-3, omega-6, or omega-9?
What is the primary site of de novo lipogenesis in the body?
What is the primary site of de novo lipogenesis in the body?
What is the end product of beta-oxidation in the mitochondria?
What is the end product of beta-oxidation in the mitochondria?
Which hormone promotes lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis?
Which hormone promotes lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis?
What is the term for the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA in the liver?
What is the term for the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA in the liver?
What is the result of excessive lipid accumulation in the liver?
What is the result of excessive lipid accumulation in the liver?
What is the primary function of triacylglycerol synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue?
What is the primary function of triacylglycerol synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue?
Which enzyme is regulated by phosphorylation and allosteric modulation in lipid metabolism?
Which enzyme is regulated by phosphorylation and allosteric modulation in lipid metabolism?
What is the consequence of dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the body?
What is the consequence of dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the body?
What is the term for the breakdown of TAGs into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissue?
What is the term for the breakdown of TAGs into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissue?
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Study Notes
Lipids
Triglycerides
- Also known as triacylglycerols
- Composed of:
- Glycerol (3-carbon backbone)
- Three fatty acid chains (esterified to glycerol)
- Functions:
- Energy storage
- Insulation
- Protection of organs
- Found in:
- Adipose tissue
- Plant seeds
- Animal fats
Fatty Acids
- Long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end
- Classification:
- Saturated: no double bonds between carbon atoms
- Unsaturated: one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
- Omega-3, omega-6, omega-9: classification based on position of first double bond
- Functions:
- Energy production
- Component of cell membranes
- Hormone synthesis
- Sources:
- Animal fats
- Plant oils
- Fish
Phospholipids
- Amphipathic molecules: hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
- Composition:
- Glycerol backbone
- Two fatty acid chains
- Phosphate group (phosphatidyl)
- Head group (choline, ethanolamine, or serine)
- Functions:
- Cell membrane structure and function
- Emulsification of fats
- Signal transduction
- Found in:
- Cell membranes
- Lipid bilayers
- Biological fluids (e.g., blood)
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