Lipids and Fatty Acids
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

  • Cell membrane structure and function
  • Energy storage and insulation (correct)
  • Component of biological fluids
  • Hormone synthesis and signal transduction
  • What type of fatty acid has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms?

  • Unsaturated (correct)
  • Saturated
  • Omega-3
  • Omega-9
  • What is the main component of phospholipid head groups?

  • Fatty acid chains
  • Choline, ethanolamine, or serine (correct)
  • Phosphate group
  • Glycerol
  • Where are triglycerides primarily found in the body?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phospholipids in the body?

    <p>Cell membrane structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fatty acids that determines their classification as omega-3, omega-6, or omega-9?

    <p>Position of the first double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of de novo lipogenesis in the body?

    <p>Liver and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of beta-oxidation in the mitochondria?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA in the liver?

    <p>Ketogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive lipid accumulation in the liver?

    <p>Fatty liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triacylglycerol synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue?

    <p>Storage of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is regulated by phosphorylation and allosteric modulation in lipid metabolism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of TAGs into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissue?

    <p>Lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lipids

    Triglycerides

    • Also known as triacylglycerols
    • Composed of:
      • Glycerol (3-carbon backbone)
      • Three fatty acid chains (esterified to glycerol)
    • Functions:
      • Energy storage
      • Insulation
      • Protection of organs
    • Found in:
      • Adipose tissue
      • Plant seeds
      • Animal fats

    Fatty Acids

    • Long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end
    • Classification:
      • Saturated: no double bonds between carbon atoms
      • Unsaturated: one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
      • Omega-3, omega-6, omega-9: classification based on position of first double bond
    • Functions:
      • Energy production
      • Component of cell membranes
      • Hormone synthesis
    • Sources:
      • Animal fats
      • Plant oils
      • Fish

    Phospholipids

    • Amphipathic molecules: hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
    • Composition:
      • Glycerol backbone
      • Two fatty acid chains
      • Phosphate group (phosphatidyl)
      • Head group (choline, ethanolamine, or serine)
    • Functions:
      • Cell membrane structure and function
      • Emulsification of fats
      • Signal transduction
    • Found in:
      • Cell membranes
      • Lipid bilayers
      • Biological fluids (e.g., blood)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of lipids, including triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids. Learn about their composition, functions, and sources.

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