15 Questions
What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?
Energy storage and insulation
What type of fatty acid has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms?
Unsaturated
What is the main component of phospholipid head groups?
Choline, ethanolamine, or serine
Where are triglycerides primarily found in the body?
Adipose tissue
What is the function of phospholipids in the body?
Cell membrane structure and function
What is the characteristic of fatty acids that determines their classification as omega-3, omega-6, or omega-9?
Position of the first double bond
What is the primary site of de novo lipogenesis in the body?
Liver and adipose tissue
What is the end product of beta-oxidation in the mitochondria?
Acetyl-CoA
Which hormone promotes lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis?
Both b and c
What is the term for the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA in the liver?
Ketogenesis
What is the result of excessive lipid accumulation in the liver?
Fatty liver disease
What is the primary function of triacylglycerol synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue?
Storage of energy
Which enzyme is regulated by phosphorylation and allosteric modulation in lipid metabolism?
All of the above
What is the consequence of dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the body?
All of the above
What is the term for the breakdown of TAGs into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissue?
Lipolysis
Study Notes
Lipids
Triglycerides
- Also known as triacylglycerols
- Composed of:
- Glycerol (3-carbon backbone)
- Three fatty acid chains (esterified to glycerol)
- Functions:
- Energy storage
- Insulation
- Protection of organs
- Found in:
- Adipose tissue
- Plant seeds
- Animal fats
Fatty Acids
- Long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end
- Classification:
- Saturated: no double bonds between carbon atoms
- Unsaturated: one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
- Omega-3, omega-6, omega-9: classification based on position of first double bond
- Functions:
- Energy production
- Component of cell membranes
- Hormone synthesis
- Sources:
- Animal fats
- Plant oils
- Fish
Phospholipids
- Amphipathic molecules: hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
- Composition:
- Glycerol backbone
- Two fatty acid chains
- Phosphate group (phosphatidyl)
- Head group (choline, ethanolamine, or serine)
- Functions:
- Cell membrane structure and function
- Emulsification of fats
- Signal transduction
- Found in:
- Cell membranes
- Lipid bilayers
- Biological fluids (e.g., blood)
This quiz covers the basics of lipids, including triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids. Learn about their composition, functions, and sources.
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