Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are monomers?
What are monomers?
How are monomers joined together to form polymers?
How are monomers joined together to form polymers?
What type of bond is formed in a condensation reaction to join monosaccharides together?
What type of bond is formed in a condensation reaction to join monosaccharides together?
How many carbon atoms are there in a glucose molecule?
How many carbon atoms are there in a glucose molecule?
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Which of the following is true about alpha and beta glucose?
Which of the following is true about alpha and beta glucose?
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What is the main substrate for respiration?
What is the main substrate for respiration?
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What is the purpose of glycolipids on the cell surface membrane?
What is the purpose of glycolipids on the cell surface membrane?
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How can the presence of lipids be detected using an emulsion test?
How can the presence of lipids be detected using an emulsion test?
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What functional groups are present in amino acids?
What functional groups are present in amino acids?
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How are amino acids joined together in proteins?
How are amino acids joined together in proteins?
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What determines the structure of proteins?
What determines the structure of proteins?
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What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a dipeptide?
What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a dipeptide?
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What determines a protein's function in the end?
What determines a protein's function in the end?
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Which type of bond is easily broken by changes in pH and is weaker than disulfide bridges in proteins?
Which type of bond is easily broken by changes in pH and is weaker than disulfide bridges in proteins?
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What is the 3D shape of a protein known as?
What is the 3D shape of a protein known as?
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Which test can be used to detect the presence of peptide bonds in proteins?
Which test can be used to detect the presence of peptide bonds in proteins?
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What type of proteins are enzymes classified as in terms of shape?
What type of proteins are enzymes classified as in terms of shape?
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What weak interactions lead to the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets in proteins?
What weak interactions lead to the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets in proteins?
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Study Notes
Monomers and Polymers
- Monomers are small molecules that can be joined together to form polymers.
- Monomers are joined together to form polymers through chemical reactions, resulting in a large molecule composed of many monomers.
Carbohydrates
- A condensation reaction forms a glycosidic bond to join monosaccharides together.
- A glucose molecule contains 6 carbon atoms.
- Alpha and beta glucose differ in the orientation of their hydroxyl group on carbon atom 1.
Respiration
- Glucose is the main substrate for respiration.
Lipids
- Glycolipids on the cell surface membrane serve as cell surface markers for cellular recognition.
- The presence of lipids can be detected using an emulsion test, which involves mixing the substance with water and observing the formation of a milky or cloudy solution.
Amino Acids and Proteins
- Amino acids contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).
- Amino acids are joined together in proteins through peptide bonds.
- The structure of proteins is determined by the sequence of amino acids and the interactions between them.
- A peptide bond is formed between amino acids in a dipeptide through a condensation reaction.
- The function of a protein is ultimately determined by its 3D shape.
- Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by changes in pH and are weaker than disulfide bridges in proteins.
- The 3D shape of a protein is known as its conformation.
- The Biuret test can be used to detect the presence of peptide bonds in proteins.
- Enzymes are classified as globular proteins in terms of shape.
- Weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, lead to the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets in proteins.
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Description
Learn about the structure and importance of lipids in forming glycolipids with carbohydrates on cell membranes, as well as how to conduct an emulsion test to detect lipids. Follow the step-by-step procedure for the test and understand the significance of a cloudy-white color in the results.
