Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where does the process of lipogenesis primarily occur?
Where does the process of lipogenesis primarily occur?
What enzyme adds a phosphate to glycerol in the liver?
What enzyme adds a phosphate to glycerol in the liver?
What enzyme converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glycerol-3-phosphate in adipose and liver?
What enzyme converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glycerol-3-phosphate in adipose and liver?
What is the enzyme responsible for adding the first two fatty acid chains to glycerol-3-phosphate in lipogenesis?
What is the enzyme responsible for adding the first two fatty acid chains to glycerol-3-phosphate in lipogenesis?
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What is the product of the breakdown of citric acid that serves as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
What is the product of the breakdown of citric acid that serves as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
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Which lipid molecules contain a polar phosphate-alcohol head group?
Which lipid molecules contain a polar phosphate-alcohol head group?
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What are the first three steps in the synthesis of phosphoglycerides (phospholipids)?
What are the first three steps in the synthesis of phosphoglycerides (phospholipids)?
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What is the final step to convert phosphatidic acid to other phospholipids?
What is the final step to convert phosphatidic acid to other phospholipids?
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What glycolysis intermediate can shunt into lipogenesis?
What glycolysis intermediate can shunt into lipogenesis?
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What product of the pentose phosphate pathway is used to help make fatty acids?
What product of the pentose phosphate pathway is used to help make fatty acids?
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What is the enzyme that is activated by citrate, a product of citric acid breakdown, and is involved in lipogenesis?
What is the enzyme that is activated by citrate, a product of citric acid breakdown, and is involved in lipogenesis?
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Where are phosphoglycerides primarily synthesized?
Where are phosphoglycerides primarily synthesized?
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Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?
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Which enzyme complex is involved in fatty acid synthesis?
Which enzyme complex is involved in fatty acid synthesis?
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What is the primary substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
What is the primary substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
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Which hormones are involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis?
Which hormones are involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis?
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What effect do glucagon and epinephrine have on acetyl CoA carboxylase?
What effect do glucagon and epinephrine have on acetyl CoA carboxylase?
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Which type of fatty acids are needed to be obtained from the diet?
Which type of fatty acids are needed to be obtained from the diet?
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What is the primary location for the elongation of the fatty acid chain?
What is the primary location for the elongation of the fatty acid chain?
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Which coenzymes are required for fatty acid synthesis?
Which coenzymes are required for fatty acid synthesis?
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What is the primary method of production for trans fats?
What is the primary method of production for trans fats?
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What effect does insulin have on fatty acid synthesis?
What effect does insulin have on fatty acid synthesis?
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What effect do desaturase enzymes have on fatty acids?
What effect do desaturase enzymes have on fatty acids?
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How can odd-numbered fatty acid chains be produced?
How can odd-numbered fatty acid chains be produced?
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What is the precursor for steroid hormones?
What is the precursor for steroid hormones?
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What are sphingolipids like sphingomyelin important components of?
What are sphingolipids like sphingomyelin important components of?
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What can accumulation of sphingolipids lead to?
What can accumulation of sphingolipids lead to?
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What are waxes mixtures of?
What are waxes mixtures of?
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What serves as a precursor for steroid hormones?
What serves as a precursor for steroid hormones?
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What are eicosanoids derived from?
What are eicosanoids derived from?
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What is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?
What is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?
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What are plant sterols able to do in relation to cholesterol?
What are plant sterols able to do in relation to cholesterol?
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What are cardiac glycosides like digoxin derivatives of?
What are cardiac glycosides like digoxin derivatives of?
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What are isoprenoid structures like terpenes made from?
What are isoprenoid structures like terpenes made from?
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What are cerebrosides and gangliosides examples of?
What are cerebrosides and gangliosides examples of?
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What is the structure of sphingolipids like sphingomyelin?
What is the structure of sphingolipids like sphingomyelin?
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Study Notes
Lipid Structures and Functions Overview
- Phosphoglycerides synthesis involves adding a CMP as a leaving group and attaching the head group via nucleophilic substitution
- Sphingolipids like sphingomyelin are phospholipids with a sphingosine backbone and are important components of cell membranes and myelin
- Cerebrosides and gangliosides are glycosphingolipids, with different head groups and found in neuronal cell membranes
- Accumulation of sphingolipids leads to sphingolipid storage diseases, such as Tay-Sachs Disease, causing progressive neurodegeneration
- Eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid and have various physiological functions, including vasodilation and platelet aggregation
- Waxes are mixtures of non-polar molecules, including fatty acids linked to long-chain hydrocarbon alcohols via ester bonds
- Isoprenoid structures include terpenes, mixed terpenes, and steroids, with cholesterol serving as a precursor for steroid hormones
- Terpenes are made from isoprene units linked together and can include examples like CoQ and Vitamin K
- Cholesterol synthesis starts with 3 acetyl CoA molecules, with the rate-limiting step being catalyzed by HMGCoA reductase
- Most cholesterol synthesis occurs in the liver, and cholesterol is a precursor to steroid hormones and is converted to pregnenolone
- Plant sterols have a similar structure to cholesterol, can compete with intestinal cholesterol absorption, and help lower LDL cholesterol levels
- Cardiac glycosides, like digoxin, are derivatives of plant sterols and can affect the heart's function
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Description
Test your knowledge of lipid structures and functions with this overview quiz. Explore topics such as phosphoglycerides synthesis, sphingolipids, eicosanoids, waxes, isoprenoids, cholesterol synthesis, and more. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of biochemistry and molecular biology.
