Lipid Metabolism: Structure, Digestion, and Biological Functions

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What stimulates the degradation of triacylglycerols to release fatty acids and glycerol?

Estrogen

Insulin

Epinephrine (correct)

Testosterone

How are fatty acids transported into the mitochondria for oxidation?

Via the acyl-carnitine/carnitine transporter (correct)

By facilitated diffusion

Through active transport

By simple diffusion

What is produced in each round of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

Glucose

Lactic acid

Acetyl CoA (correct)

Glycerol

In comparison with glucose degradation, how does β-oxidation of fatty acids produce energy?

It produces a huge amount of energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)?

Transport synthesized triglycerides (TG) from the liver to other tissues for storage or energy supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the body?

Carry cholesterol from the liver to other tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) with regards to cholesterol transport?

Pick up cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues and return it to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What happens to triacylglycerols when the diet contains more fatty acids than are immediately needed for fuel?

They are stored in adipose tissue for future energy production Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of lipids?

Insolubility in water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acids contains no double bonds?

Saturated FA Signup and view all the answers

What are the principal stored energy molecules in the body?

Triacylglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor for steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Where do triacylglycerols from the diet form lipid droplets during digestion?

In the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is cholesterol in terms of its polarity?

Amphipathic Signup and view all the answers

Lipid Metabolism: Structure, Digestion, and Biological Functions

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