Lipid Metabolism: Structure, Digestion, and Biological Functions
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Questions and Answers

What stimulates the degradation of triacylglycerols to release fatty acids and glycerol?

  • Estrogen
  • Insulin
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Testosterone
  • How are fatty acids transported into the mitochondria for oxidation?

  • Via the acyl-carnitine/carnitine transporter (correct)
  • By facilitated diffusion
  • Through active transport
  • By simple diffusion
  • What is produced in each round of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

  • Glucose
  • Lactic acid
  • Acetyl CoA (correct)
  • Glycerol
  • In comparison with glucose degradation, how does β-oxidation of fatty acids produce energy?

    <p>It produces a huge amount of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)?

    <p>Transport synthesized triglycerides (TG) from the liver to other tissues for storage or energy supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the body?

    <p>Carry cholesterol from the liver to other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) with regards to cholesterol transport?

    <p>Pick up cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues and return it to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to triacylglycerols when the diet contains more fatty acids than are immediately needed for fuel?

    <p>They are stored in adipose tissue for future energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of lipids?

    <p>Insolubility in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acids contains no double bonds?

    <p>Saturated FA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the principal stored energy molecules in the body?

    <p>Triacylglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor for steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do triacylglycerols from the diet form lipid droplets during digestion?

    <p>In the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule is cholesterol in terms of its polarity?

    <p>Amphipathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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