Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Lipoprotein Metabolism

Which process involves the accumulation of phospholipids and cholesterol from cells lining the blood vessels?

Esterification of cholesterol to cholesteryl esters via LCAT

Budding of apoproteins from chylomicrons

Maturation of nascent HDL (correct)

Synthesis of nascent HDL

What is the role of LCAT in HDL metabolism?

Transfer of cholesteryl esters to VLDL

Uptake of cholesterol from cholesterol-laden cells into HDL shell

Trapping of cholesterol into HDL core

Conversion of cholesterol to cholesteryl esters (correct)

How is fatty acid transferred in the LCAT reaction?

From cholesterol to VLDL

From cholesterol to phospholipid shell

From HDL core to HDL shell

From lecithin to cholesterol (correct)

What is the primary function of ABCA1 in HDL metabolism?

Efflux of cholesterol from cholesterol-laden cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in reverse cholesterol transport (HDL metabolism)?

Binding of cholesteryl ester–rich HDL to the liver and steroidogenic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CETP in HDL metabolism?

Transfer of cholesteryl esters to VLDL Signup and view all the answers

What is the hydrophobic core of lipoproteins composed of?

TAGs and cholesterol esters Signup and view all the answers

Which apolipoprotein activates LPL (lipoprotein lipase)?

ApoCII Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chylomicrons?

Transport dietary fatty acids to tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is the largest and least dense?

Chylomicrons (CM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of apolipoproteins in lipoproteins?

Activate enzymes for lipoprotein metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Where is resynthesis of triglycerides in chylomicrons primarily carried out?

Intestinal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of niacin (nicotinic acid) therapy?

Flushing Signup and view all the answers

To prevent flushing with niacin intake, what is recommended before its administration?

Administering aspirin prior to intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gastrointestinal symptoms can be minimized by starting niacin therapy at lower doses?

Dyspepsia Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of niacin (nicotinic acid) therapy that can be prevented by taking it after a meal?

Hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

In pregnancy, what is the FDA category for niacin (nicotinic acid)?

Category C Signup and view all the answers

What condition is niacin (nicotinic acid) contraindicated in?

Chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?

HMG-CoA reductase Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is the primary site for cholesterol synthesis?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the 4 stages of cholesterol synthesis?

Steroid nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle plays a role in cholesterol synthesis?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on LDL?

Increase in high-affinity LDL receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in cholesterol synthesis?

Conversion of squalene to cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesteryl esters uptake in cells via scavenger receptor (SR-B1)?

Form steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is nearly identical in structure to LDL and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease?

Lp(a) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Lp(a) from other lipoproteins in terms of its structure?

Additional apolipoprotein apo(a) linked to apo B-100 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by high total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol?

Dyslipidemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the goals of treating dyslipidemia?

Lower LDL cholesterol for heart disease prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases like CHD, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease?

Hyperlipidemia Signup and view all the answers