Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Lipoprotein Metabolism
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Lipoprotein Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

Which process involves the accumulation of phospholipids and cholesterol from cells lining the blood vessels?

  • Esterification of cholesterol to cholesteryl esters via LCAT
  • Budding of apoproteins from chylomicrons
  • Maturation of nascent HDL (correct)
  • Synthesis of nascent HDL
  • What is the role of LCAT in HDL metabolism?

  • Transfer of cholesteryl esters to VLDL
  • Uptake of cholesterol from cholesterol-laden cells into HDL shell
  • Trapping of cholesterol into HDL core
  • Conversion of cholesterol to cholesteryl esters (correct)
  • How is fatty acid transferred in the LCAT reaction?

  • From cholesterol to VLDL
  • From cholesterol to phospholipid shell
  • From HDL core to HDL shell
  • From lecithin to cholesterol (correct)
  • What is the primary function of ABCA1 in HDL metabolism?

    <p>Efflux of cholesterol from cholesterol-laden cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in reverse cholesterol transport (HDL metabolism)?

    <p>Binding of cholesteryl ester–rich HDL to the liver and steroidogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CETP in HDL metabolism?

    <p>Transfer of cholesteryl esters to VLDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hydrophobic core of lipoproteins composed of?

    <p>TAGs and cholesterol esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which apolipoprotein activates LPL (lipoprotein lipase)?

    <p>ApoCII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chylomicrons?

    <p>Transport dietary fatty acids to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein is the largest and least dense?

    <p>Chylomicrons (CM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of apolipoproteins in lipoproteins?

    <p>Activate enzymes for lipoprotein metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is resynthesis of triglycerides in chylomicrons primarily carried out?

    <p>Intestinal epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect of niacin (nicotinic acid) therapy?

    <p>Flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To prevent flushing with niacin intake, what is recommended before its administration?

    <p>Administering aspirin prior to intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gastrointestinal symptoms can be minimized by starting niacin therapy at lower doses?

    <p>Dyspepsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of niacin (nicotinic acid) therapy that can be prevented by taking it after a meal?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pregnancy, what is the FDA category for niacin (nicotinic acid)?

    <p>Category C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is niacin (nicotinic acid) contraindicated in?

    <p>Chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)?

    <p>HMG-CoA reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is the primary site for cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the 4 stages of cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>Steroid nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle plays a role in cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on LDL?

    <p>Increase in high-affinity LDL receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>Conversion of squalene to cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesteryl esters uptake in cells via scavenger receptor (SR-B1)?

    <p>Form steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein is nearly identical in structure to LDL and is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease?

    <p>Lp(a)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Lp(a) from other lipoproteins in terms of its structure?

    <p>Additional apolipoprotein apo(a) linked to apo B-100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by high total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol?

    <p>Dyslipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the goals of treating dyslipidemia?

    <p>Lower LDL cholesterol for heart disease prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases like CHD, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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