Questions and Answers
What class of lipids does not contain fatty acids?
How many double bonds does a monounsaturated fatty acid contain?
One
What do high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) do in blood plasma?
Carry cholesterol from tissues to the liver to be excreted
What is the role of bile salts in emulsifying fats?
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What does a plasma or cell membrane contain?
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In which solvent would lipids be most soluble?
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In which solvent would lipids be least soluble?
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The double bonds in natural fatty acids are usually in what configuration?
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What type of ions can fatty acids produce?
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What defines a saturated fatty acid?
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Triglycerides composed of glycerol and mostly polyunsaturated fatty acid residues are likely to be _______ at room temperature.
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What are waxes compounds made of?
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What serves as protective coatings on feathers and leaves?
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What is the effect of the hydrogenation of oils?
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Saponification is defined as what type of reaction?
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Why do animal fats and vegetable oils become rancid?
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What are phospholipids part of?
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The phosphate head group of phospholipids is _______ and is found on the ________ of a membrane's lipid bilayer.
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What compounds constitute a wax?
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Which compound undergoes cyclization to form prostaglandins?
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What is the chemical structure of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CO2H?
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Which of the following is not a lipid?
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What describes the predominant cell membrane structure?
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What kind of compound is CH3(CH2)6COOH?
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To be classified as a lipid, a compound is usually what?
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Eicosanoids belong to which family of biomolecules?
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Which of the following statements is/are true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids?
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What is triacylglycerol also known as?
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Saturated fatty acids have what kind of ratio compared to unsaturated fatty acids?
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Which compounds would be lipids or derivatives of lipids?
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What is the defining property of lipids despite their structural diversity?
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A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called what?
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What components are found in the structure of glycerophospholipids?
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What do the phospholipid molecules have due to their components?
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Study Notes
Lipid Classification and Structure
- Steroids are lipids that do not contain fatty acids.
- Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond in their structure.
- Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer in cell membranes, consisting of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
- Waxes are esters formed from fatty acids and long-chain alcohols, serving as protective coatings in plants and animals.
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
- High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion.
- The process of hydrogenation involves the removal of double bonds from oils, altering their saturation level.
Fatty Acids
- Natural fatty acids typically have double bonds in the cis configuration.
- Saturated fatty acids are comprised solely of single carbon-carbon bonds, providing a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio compared to unsaturated fatty acids.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain at least two double bonds.
Solubility and Chemical Reactions
- Lipids are most soluble in nonpolar solvents like hexane and least soluble in polar solvents like water.
- Saponification is a hydrolysis reaction that produces soap from fats and oils.
Structural and Functional Importance
- A lipid bilayer in membranes regulates substance passage into and out of cells.
- Eicosanoids are a type of lipid derived from arachidonic acid and play important roles in signaling pathways.
Properties of Lipids
- Lipids are typically hydrophobic, showing low solubility in water and high energy content compared to polysaccharides.
- Cholesterol and estrogen are classified as lipids or derivatives thereof due to their structural properties.
Fatty Acids Types
- Triacylglycerols (triglycerides) consist of three fatty acid molecules bonded to glycerol.
- Amphipathic ions produced from fatty acids contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Membrane Composition
- A characteristic cell membrane structure includes a double layer of phospholipids, with hydrophilic components facing outward and hydrophobic components inward.
- Phospholipids contain a phosphate head group that is hydrophilic and located on the outside of the membrane's lipid bilayer.
Miscellaneous
- Vitamin C is not classified as a lipid.
- The diversity of lipid structures unifies them into a single group due to their common property of being relatively insoluble in water.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification and structure of lipids, including fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids. This quiz delves into their roles in metabolism, solubility, and chemical reactions. Explore key concepts about lipid functions and classifications in biological systems.
