Linux System Administration Basics

Linux System Administration

• User Management:
  • useradd command to add new users
  • usermod command to modify existing users
  • userdel command to delete users
• Package Management:
  • apt-get command for package installation and updates
  • dpkg command for package management
• Process Management:
  • ps command to list running processes
  • kill command to terminate processes
  • bg and fg commands to manage background and foreground processes

Ubuntu

• Installation:
  • Can be installed on desktops, laptops, and servers
  • Available in various flavors (e.g., Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Server)
• Package Management:
  • apt-get command for package installation and updates
  • apt-cache command to search for packages
• Security:
  • sudo command to execute commands with superuser privileges
  • visudo command to edit sudoers file

vi Editor Commands

• Basic Commands:
  • i to enter insert mode
  • Esc to exit insert mode
  • :q! to quit without saving changes
  • :wq to save and quit
• Navigation:
  • h to move left
  • j to move down
  • k to move up
  • l to move right
• Editing:
  • dd to delete a line
  • p to paste a deleted line
  • u to undo changes

Permissions

• File Permissions:
  • r for read permission
  • w for write permission
  • x for execute permission
• chmod Command:
  • chmod command to change file permissions
  • chmod 755 file to set permissions to rwxr-x
• Access Control Lists (ACLs):
  • setfacl command to set ACLs
  • getfacl command to get ACLs

Partitioning

• Partition Types:
  • Primary Partition: a standard partition on a physical disk
  • Extended Partition: a special partition that can contain logical partitions
  • Logical Partition: a partition within an extended partition
• Partitioning Tools:
  • fdisk command to create and manage partitions
  • parted command to create and manage partitions
• Filesystems:
  • ext2: a traditional Linux filesystem
  • ext3: a journaling filesystem
  • ext4: a modern journaling filesystem

Samba Server

• What is Samba:
  • An open-source implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol
  • Allows Linux systems to share files and printers with Windows systems
• Samba Configuration:
  • smb.conf file to configure Samba
  • testparm command to test Samba configuration
• Samba Commands:
  • smbclient command to access Samba shares
  • smbstatus command to display Samba status

Linux System Administration

• User Management:
  • useradd command adds new users
  • usermod command modifies existing users
  • userdel command deletes users
• Package Management:
  • apt-get command for package installation and updates
  • dpkg command for package management
• Process Management:
  • ps command lists running processes
  • kill command terminates processes
  • bg and fg commands manage background and foreground processes

Ubuntu

• Installation:
  • Can be installed on desktops, laptops, and servers
  • Available in various flavors (e.g., Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Server)
• Package Management:
  • apt-get command for package installation and updates
  • apt-cache command searches for packages
• Security:
  • sudo command executes commands with superuser privileges
  • visudo command edits sudoers file

vi Editor Commands

• Basic Commands:
  • i enters insert mode
  • Esc exits insert mode
  • :q! quits without saving changes
  • :wq saves and quits
• Navigation:
  • h moves left
  • j moves down
  • k moves up
  • l moves right
• Editing:
  • dd deletes a line
  • p pastes a deleted line
  • u undoes changes

Permissions

• File Permissions:
  • r is read permission
  • w is write permission
  • x is execute permission
• chmod Command:
  • chmod command changes file permissions
  • Example: chmod 755 file sets permissions to rwxr-x
• Access Control Lists (ACLs):
  • setfacl command sets ACLs
  • getfacl command gets ACLs

Partitioning

• Partition Types:
  • Primary Partition: a standard partition on a physical disk
  • Extended Partition: a special partition that can contain logical partitions
  • Logical Partition: a partition within an extended partition
• Partitioning Tools:
  • fdisk command creates and manages partitions
  • parted command creates and manages partitions
• Filesystems:
  • ext2: a traditional Linux filesystem
  • ext3: a journaling filesystem
  • ext4: a modern journaling filesystem

Samba Server

• What is Samba:
  • An open-source implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol
  • Allows Linux systems to share files and printers with Windows systems
• Samba Configuration:
  • smb.conf file configures Samba
  • testparm command tests Samba configuration
• Samba Commands:
  • smbclient command accesses Samba shares
  • smbstatus command displays Samba status