10 Questions
What is the purpose of the fsck command?
To check and repair file system inconsistencies
RAID 0 provides redundancy for data.
False
What is the purpose of the Copy-on-Write optimization strategy?
To ensure that modifications to data are not written directly to the original location but to a new location.
The _______ command is used to estimate file space usage.
du
Match the following file systems with their features:
Btrfs = Supports snapshots and Copy-on-Write ZFS = Uses checksums for data integrity and supports snapshots Ext4 = Does not support snapshots
What is the default file system for many Linux distributions?
Ext4
ZFS is often used in high-availability storage solutions and servers.
True
What is the purpose of journaling in a file system?
to protect the integrity of the file system by keeping a log of changes that are about to be made
The file system feature that allows for large file and volume support is____________.
large file and volume support
Match the following file systems with their features:
Ext4 = Journaling, large file and volume support, backward compatibility with Ext2/Ext3 Btrfs = Copy-on-write, snapshots, built-in RAID support, data integrity checks XFS = High-performance, journaling, scalable to large file systems ZFS = High storage capacity, data integrity checks, snapshots, copy-on-write, built-in RAID
Study Notes
Types of File Systems
- Local File Systems: Ext4, NTFS, FAT32, HFS+
- Network File Systems: NFS, SMB/CIFS
- Distributed File Systems: HDFS, GlusterFS
- Special-Purpose File Systems: tmpfs, sysfs, procfs
File Systems in Linux
- Ext4: Default file system for many Linux distributions, features journaling and large file support
- Btrfs: Features copy-on-write, snapshots, and built-in RAID support, used for advanced system administration
- XFS: High-performance, journaling, and scalable to large file systems
- ZFS: High storage capacity, data integrity checks, snapshots, and copy-on-write
- FAT32 and exFAT: Compatible with multiple operating systems, used for external drives and USB sticks
Key Concepts
- Journaling: Protects file system integrity by logging changes, enables quick recovery in case of crashes
- Inodes: Store metadata about files and directories, including permissions and ownership
- Mounting: Makes a file system accessible at a specific point in the directory tree, configured in /etc/fstab
- Permissions: Determine file access, represented as rwx for owner, group, and others
- File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS): Defines the directory structure and contents in Linux
Advanced Features
- Snapshots: Point-in-time copy of the file system, supported by Btrfs and ZFS
- Copy-on-Write (CoW): Optimizes data modifications, used by Btrfs and ZFS
- Data Integrity: Techniques to ensure data accuracy, used by ZFS with checksums
- RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks): Combines multiple physical disks for redundancy and performance
Commands and Utilities
- fsck: Checks and repairs file system inconsistencies
- e2fsck: Specific to Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 file systems
- mkfs: Creates a file system on a partition
- mount: Mounts a file system
- umount: Unmounts a file system
- df: Reports file system disk space usage
- du: Estimates file space usage
- lsblk: Lists information about block devices
This quiz covers different types of file systems, including local, network, and distributed file systems, as well as common file systems in Linux such as Ext4 and Btrfs.
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