Linking, Elision, and Liaison in Phonetics

Linking, Elision, and Liaison in English Phonetics

• Spoken English pronunciation often differs from written form.
• This presentation covers three primary phonetic phenomena: linking, elision, and liaison.

What is Linking?

• Linking occurs when sounds at the end of one word connect to sounds at the start of the next word.
• Creating a smoother, more natural flow of speech by preventing abrupt pauses between words.
• This is a natural aspect of spoken English.

Understanding Linking

• Linking is a phonetic phenomenon where sounds from different words blend together due to close proximity.
• This blending smooths out speech, enhancing naturalness and clarity.
• During linking, sounds may subtly change to become more similar to adjacent sounds
• While affecting individual word pronunciation, it enhances speech fluency and understanding.

When Does Linking Occur?

• Linking happens when words are spoken together, with the end sound of the first word blending with the start of the second.
• This blending occurs in various contexts:
• Between words in a sentence
• At the end of a phrase (before a pause)
• Between sentences (when one ends and another begins)

Linking Between Words

• Linking creates a smooth flow in sentences with seamless transitions between words.
• Linking involves sound blending to create a continuous flow.
• Linking enhances intelligibility and makes spoken English sound more natural.

Linking Consonants to Vowels

• When a consonant ends a word and a vowel starts the next, they usually blend smoothly.
• This creates a connected sound flow in speech.
• This linking technique improves pronunciation and fluency.

Linking Vowels to Vowels

• When two words end in a vowel sound, the sound 'l' is often inserted between them for a smooth transition.
• The 'w' sound is similarly used to link vowels in words like "go out," "how are you," and "we are".
• This technique eliminates sudden breaks, creating a seamless flow.

What is Elision?

• Elision is the omission of sounds (particularly in rapidly spoken English).
• Elision arises from rapid speech or informal settings
• This sound reduction enhances speech efficiency.

Elision in English Speech

• Elision is a common sound omission in connected speech, especially in rapid speech.
• It can happen between words or within words.
• Unstressed syllables are common targets for elision.
• Elision aims for ease of articulation and a natural speech flow.

Elideing Sounds in Rapid Speech

• Sounds may be shortened or omitted during rapid speech. This is a natural aspect of pronunciation.
• Unstressed syllables often become reduced or disappear.
• Elision commonly occurs between words with similar sounds. Examples include "can't you" becoming "can'tcha."

Liaisons in English Phonetics

• Liaison happens when a consonant at the end of a word is linked to a vowel at the beginning of the next word. This creates smooth transitions.
• This smooth transition creates smoother and more natural spoken English.
• Grammatical structures (prepositions or articles) can influence liaison.

Linking Consonants to Vowels with Liaisons

• Liaison happens when consonant sounds at the end of a word connect with a vowel at the start of the next word.
• Two sounds blend together for smooth transitions.
• Example: "I am" -> the "m" in "I" is linked to the "a" in "am."

Liaisons and Grammatical Structures

• Liaisons can exist in phrases where words are closely connected. The phrase "in the" becomes "inthe" because of the liaison.
• Liaisons also work in clauses where the relationship between words is close. For example, "he has" becomes "he's" due to a liaison, especially in quick speech.

Mastering Linking, Elision and Liaisons

• Consistent practice is critical to mastering these phonetic phenomena.
• Paying close attention to native speakers is essential.
• Immersing oneself in English media allows for a real-life conversational context.

Improving Spoken English Fluency

• Engaging in regular speaking practice with native speakers.
• Developing an understanding of the pronunciation differences from your native tongue.
• Immersing yourself in English media like movies, music, podcasts, or books.
• Building confidence to speak English by practicing in small groups if possible.