Link Layer Concepts Quiz
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Link Layer Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one major disadvantage of Slotted ALOHA?

  • It has a high rate of successful transmissions.
  • It is highly decentralized.
  • It allows for continuous transmission by a single active node.
  • It requires extensive clock synchronization. (correct)

    • What is the maximum efficiency of Slotted ALOHA when considering many nodes and frames?

  • 1/e (correct)
  • 1/3
  • 1
  • 1/2

    • In the context of CSMA, what should a node do if it senses that the channel is busy?

  • Transmits regardless of the busy signal.
  • Immediately retransmits after a random delay.
  • Attempts to acquire the channel by force.
  • Defers transmission until the channel is idle. (correct)

    • What is the probability that a given node will successfully transmit in a slot in Slotted ALOHA?

    <p>p(1-p)N-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pro of Slotted ALOHA?

    <p>Allows for multiple frames to be sent efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of error detection codes (EDC) in data communication?

    <p>To identify and correct data transmission errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method allows error detection and correction without retransmission?

    <p>Two-dimensional parity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is error detection not considered 100% reliable?

    <p>Protocols may miss some errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of using a larger EDC field?

    <p>It enhances the reliability of error detection and correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does single bit parity primarily achieve?

    <p>Detects single bit errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the link layer play in data transfer?

    <p>It extracts datagrams and passes control to the upper layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bit-error prone link' refer to?

    <p>A link with high error rates during transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of redundancy in error detection?

    <p>It introduces additional bits for error checking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of addressing is primarily used at the link layer?

    <p>Link layer addressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of data link layer services?

    <p>Session management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol is associated with the transport layer in the provided content?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network technology is mentioned as a link layer solution?

    <p>MPLS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a web request, what does the client ultimately receive?

    <p>An HTTP reply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of events in a web request?

    <p>HTTP request is sent, received via TCP, converted to IP, and then to Ethernet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately conveys a role of Ethernet technology?

    <p>Ethernet facilitates switched LANs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a function of the link layer in a networking context?

    <p>Providing error detection and correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ARP stand for?

    <p>Address Resolution Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ARP reply?

    <p>To provide the MAC address of the router interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the OSI model is concerned with the MAC address?

    <p>Link Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily used by DNS to send requests and replies?

    <p>UDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur first when a client wants to send an HTTP request?

    <p>The client must establish a TCP connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which routing protocols could create routing tables for sending IP datagrams?

    <p>RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step in the TCP 3-way handshake occurs after the client sends a SYN segment?

    <p>The server responds with a SYNACK.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IP address for the Google web server as mentioned?

    <p>64.233.169.105</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of address does ARP resolve?

    <p>MAC address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a client to successfully communicate with a DNS server over the Comcast network?

    <p>The client needs an IP datagram containing the DNS query</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What address does the sending interface of Frame A use as its source MAC address?

    <p>1A-23-F9-CD-06-9B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer does Frame B pass the datagram to after it extracts the IP datagram?

    <p>Network layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary technological feature of Ethernet that has contributed to its dominance in wired LANs?

    <p>Single chip supporting multiple speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical topology was popular through the mid-90s but has decreased in use due to collision issues?

    <p>Bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of address does the Frame A destination MAC address represent?

    <p>Physical address of the receiving node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol enhancement allows Ethernet to prevent collisions in its switched topology?

    <p>Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum speed that Ethernet has achieved according to the information?

    <p>400 Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) play in local area networks (LANs)?

    <p>Mapping between IP addresses and MAC addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a switched Ethernet topology, how do nodes communicate without colliding with each other?

    <p>Utilizing a central switch to separate traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of frame encapsulates an IP datagram at the sending interface?

    <p>Ethernet frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Error detection and correction (EDC) bits are used to identify and potentially correct errors in data.
    • The larger the EDC field, the better the detection and correction capabilities.
    • Parity checking can detect and correct single bit errors.
    • Two-dimensional parity can detect and correct single bit errors in rows and columns.
    • Slotted ALOHA is a multiple access protocol where nodes transmit in specific time slots to avoid collisions.
    • The probability of a successful transmission in slotted ALOHA is: p(1-p)N-1, where p is the probability of a node transmitting and N is the number of nodes.
    • The maximum efficiency of slotted ALOHA is 1/e, or approximately 37%.
    • CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) is another multiple access protocol where nodes listen before transmitting. If a channel is busy, a node will defer transmission.
    • Ethernet is the dominant wired LAN technology. It is simple, inexpensive, and has kept up with speed advancements.
    • Physical Ethernet topologies include bus and switched. Switched is currently the most common, as it uses separate Ethernet protocols for each connection.
    • Ethernet frames contain a destination address, source address, type field, and the actual data being transmitted.
    • ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
    • A DNS query involves sending a UDP datagram containing the DNS query from a client to a DNS server.
    • The response from the DNS server includes the IP address of the requested website.
    • TCP connections are established using a three-way handshake: SYN, SYNACK, ACK.
    • HTTP requests and responses are sent over established TCP connections.

    LANs (Local Area Networks)

    • Ethernet is a prevalent LAN technology.
    • LANs allow devices on a network to communicate directly with each other.
    • Switches are hardware components that forward traffic based on MAC addresses.
    • VLANS (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to segment networks and create logical boundaries within a physical network
    • MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a technology used for link virtualization in networks. It simplifies routing and increases efficiency.

    A Day in the Life of a Web Request

    • A user’s web request starts with a DNS query.
    • From there, the client network sends a TCP SYN segment to initiate a connection with the web server.
    • After the TCP connection is established, the HTTP request is sent to the web server.  
    • The web server responds with an HTTP reply, including the requested webpage.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 6 The Link Layer and LANs PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the Link Layer in networking. This quiz covers error detection and correction methods, multiple access protocols like Slotted ALOHA and CSMA, as well as the principles underlying Ethernet technology. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of networking fundamentals.

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