Linguistics: Word Boundaries and Orthographic Practices

<p>Strikingly different word divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the correct grammatical unit for a meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iconicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their overall meaning is not the same as the combined meaning of the individual parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a sort of summation of the essence or inherent nature of a thing and as a description of the meaning of the word</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definition by ostension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior Analytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot be used for verbs, adjectives, and prepositions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synonyms may not have the same meaning as the original word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Furious</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definiens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kulu</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To list words and their meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The language has a fluid practice of word division</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unit of meaning that is surrounded by spaces in standard orthography</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dictionary gives access to meanings through words, while a thesaurus gives access to words through meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grammatical level</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dictionary-writing is a practical exercise, while linguistic semantics is a theoretical exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a collection of impressions stored in the brain of each individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To put together a book that people can understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language is a shared resource that exists independently of the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The meanings of words and their relationships to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To specify the stored meaning representation associated with each lexeme in the mental lexicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The starting point for specifying meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To map ideas onto stored meaning representations in the mental lexicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specification of the stored meaning representation associated with each lexeme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To map portions of the linguistic signal onto stored neurosensory traces in the mental lexicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental lexicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particular meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A language's individual lexemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A list of various forms available in the language for a particular meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To associate with stable word forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To resolve confusions and clarify word meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concepts correspond to word meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juridical terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defining 'water' as H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science and technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idioms = Non-compositional phrases whose overall meaning is not the same as the combined meaning of the individual parts Ostensive definition = Defining a word by pointing out the objects which they denote Nominal definition = A description of the meaning of the word which denotes a thing Semasiological approach = Focusing on the meaning of words and phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Onomasiological approach = Focusing on the concept or thing being referred to Semantics = The study of meaning in language Lexeme = A unit of meaning in language Linguistic consistency = The relationship between sounds and meanings in language</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definition by ostension = A definition that points out the objects which they denote Nominal definition = A description of the meaning of the word which denotes a thing Real definition = A description of the essence or inherent nature of a thing Juridical definition = A definition used in legal contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conceptual meaning = The meaning of a word or phrase in relation to other concepts Linguistic semantics = The study of meaning in language Mental lexicon = The store of words and associated meanings in long-term memory Grammatical structure = The level of linguistic structure that can be ambiguous in attributing meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idioms = Meanings that seem to stand on several different grammatical units Nominal definitions = Descriptions of the meaning of words Ostensive definitions = Definitions that point out objects Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linguistic consistency = The consistency of meaning across different linguistic units Nominal definition = A definition that explains the meaning of a word or phrase Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts to establish clear meanings Conceptual meaning = The meaning of a word or phrase based on its underlying concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definition by ostension = Defining a word by pointing out the objects it denotes Definition by synonymy = Defining a word by providing a synonym Definition by context and typical exemplar = Defining a word by providing an example of its usage Definition by genus and differentia = Defining a word by categorizing it and highlighting its unique features</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Onomasiological approach = Focusing on the meaning of a word or phrase Semasiological approach = Focusing on the word or phrase itself and its relationship to meaning Linguistic semantics = Focusing on the role of definition in understanding meaning Dictionary model = Focusing on the relationship between language and the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idioms = Having a meaning that is not predictable from the individual words Lexical categories = Categories of words that require specific definitions Semantic primitives = Basic concepts that underlie all meanings Meaning-bearing units = Units of language that carry meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juridical language = Requires clear and explicit definitions to establish legal meanings Scientific terminology = Requires precise definitions to establish scientific concepts Everyday language = Typically requires implicit definitions through usage Linguistic semantics = Requires a range of definitional strategies to understand meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semasiological approach = Focuses on words and their associated meanings Onomasiological approach = Focuses on concepts and the words that express them Nominal definition = A definition that assigns a label to a concept Linguistic consistency = The ability of language to convey meaning accurately and consistently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphemes = Minimal units of language that convey meaning Lexemes = Units of language that are associated with meanings Conceptual meaning = The meaning of a concept in a scientific context Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts to convey precise meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A definition of 'murder' as 'the act of killing another human being' = Nominal definition A definition of 'contract' as 'a legally binding agreement' = Juridical definition A definition of 'anger' as 'the emotion caused by frustration' = Semantic definition A definition of 'dog' as 'the animal often kept as a pet' = Ostensive definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semasiological approach = Words and their meanings Onomasiological approach = Concepts and their expressions Linguistic semantics = The meaning of language in a scientific context Juridical language = The precise meaning of language in legal contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Words = Units of language surrounded by spaces in standard orthography Morphemes = Minimal units of language that convey meaning Lexemes = Units of language associated with meanings in a language Concepts = Units of meaning that can be expressed by multiple words</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science = Crucial for precise communication Technology = Essential for accurate experimentation Law = Central for clear jurisdiction Ordinary language = Only necessary for resolving confusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juridical terms = Require clear definitions to fix their denotation Scientific terminology = Demand precise meanings for accurate experimentation Nominal definitions = Fix the meaning of a word by designating its essence Conceptual meanings = Capture the essence of a word's meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2O = Extensional definition Iron = Nominal definition Contract = Juridical definition Water = Conceptual definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concepts = Essentially definitional in nature Word meanings = Can be captured in definitions Definitions = Activated during language use Language use = Proceeds without explicit definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental lexicon = A store of words and associated meanings in long-term memory Linguistic semantics = The study of meaning in language Semasiological approach = A method of definition that starts with a language's individual lexemes Onomasiological approach = A method of definition that starts with a particular meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallurgy = Fixed definitions for precise communication Law = Clear definitions for designated jurisdiction Ordinary language = Explicit definitions only for resolving confusions Science = Accurate definitions for experimental results</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurosensory traces = Stored meaning representations in the mental lexicon Lexeme = A unit of language that carries meaning Semasiology = The study of meaning in language Ostensive definition = A method of defining words by pointing out the objects they denote</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nominal definition = A definition that provides a label for a concept Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts, requiring clear and precise definitions Linguistic consistency = The idea that language is a system with consistent rules and patterns Conceptual meaning = The meaning of a concept, independent of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dictionary = A reference book that provides definitions for words Thesaurus = A reference book that provides synonyms for words Linguistic semantics = The study of meaning in language, to understand how language conveys meaning Onomasiological approach = A method of definition that provides multiple forms for expressing a meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaker/Writer = Maps ideas onto stored meaning representations in the mental lexicon Listener/Reader = Maps portions of the linguistic signal onto stored neurosensory traces in the mental lexicon Linguistic semantics = Specifies the stored meaning representation associated with each lexeme in the mental lexicon Mental lexicon = Stores words and associated meanings in long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idiom = Meaning-bearing unit considered part of a word by one speaker, but written separately by another Nominal definition = A definition that uses a word's meaning to define it Linguistic semantics = Study of meaning in language, focusing on concepts and word meanings Ostensive definition = Defining a word by pointing to the object it denotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definiendum = A word, phrase, or symbol being defined Definiens = The term proposed as the definition Semantics = Study of meaning in language, focusing on concepts and word meanings Onomasiology = Study of words and their meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Onomasiological approach = Focus on the meaning of words Semasiological approach = Focus on the concepts and meanings Word-based approach = Focus on the word's meaning to define it Meaning-based approach = Focus on the concept's meaning to define the word</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental lexicon = Store of words and associated meanings in long-term memory Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts, requiring clear definitions Nominal definition = A definition that uses a word's meaning to define it Ostensive definition = Defining a word by pointing to the object it denotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idiom = Fixed expressions with a specific meaning Linguistic semantics = Study of meaning in language, focusing on concepts and word meanings Nominal definition = A definition that uses a word's meaning to define it Lexeme = A unit of language that carries a specific meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantics = Study of meaning in language, focusing on concepts and word meanings Onomasiology = Study of words and their meanings Linguistic consistency = Consistency in language use and meaning Lexical category = A category of words sharing a specific meaning or characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conceptual meaning = Meaning based on the concept or idea behind the word Nominal definition = A definition that uses a word's meaning to define it Ostensive definition = Defining a word by pointing to the object it denotes Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts, requiring clear definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linguistic consistency = Consistency in language use and meaning Onomasiological approach = Study of words and their meanings Nominal definition = A definition that uses a word's meaning to define it Mental lexicon = Store of words and associated meanings in long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Word-based approach = Focus on the word's meaning to define it Meaning-based approach = Focus on the concept's meaning to define the word Onomasiological approach = Focus on the meaning of words Semasiological approach = Focus on the concepts and meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idiom = Fixed expressions with a specific meaning Lexeme = A unit of language that carries a specific meaning Linguistic semantics = Study of meaning in language, focusing on concepts and word meanings Juridical language = Language used in legal contexts, requiring clear definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conceptual theory of meaning = Assumes a close link between concepts and definitions. Nominal definition = Definition that points out the objects which they denote. Linguistic semantics = Focuses on the relationship between language and the individual. Semasiological approach = Focuses on the meaning of words in a language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Definitional circularity = Linguistic semantics Ostensive definition = Philosophy Semantic primitives = Psychology Conceptual meaning = Cognitive Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idioms = Have a fixed expression with a specific meaning. Nominal definitions = Provide a clear and concise definition. Juridical language = Requires precise and unambiguous definitions. Linguistic consistency = Involves the use of consistent terminology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth preserving substitutability = A standard criterion of definitional adequacy. Definitional circularity = A problem in definition that involves using a word to define itself. Semantic primitives = A set of basic concepts that cannot be further defined. Conceptual meaning = The meaning of a word in relation to its concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linguistic semantics = Analyzing the meaning of words in a language. Nominal definitions = Defining words in a dictionary. Juridical language = Creating legal documents and contracts. Conceptual meaning = Understanding the abstract meaning of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers