Linguistics: Viewpoint Aspect Categories and Phonological Content

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What is a characteristic of Viewpoint Aspect categories across languages?

They are only found in canonical modals

They have no impact on semantic interpretation

They display cross-linguistic variation in phonological content (correct)

They always have overt phonological content

What is the role of grammar factors in the interpretation of future constructions?

They are secondary to contextual factors

They are irrelevant

They are only relevant for epistemic FUT readings

They are the primary constraint (correct)

What is the relationship between Tense and Speech Time in independent sentences?

Tense equals Speech Time (correct)

Tense is unrelated to Speech Time

Tense is always earlier than Speech Time

Tense is always later than Speech Time

How does the scope of FUT relate to the scope of Viewpoint Aspect?

FUT scopes over Viewpoint Aspect Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of elements in the clausal architecture of VO languages like Bulgarian, Slovenian, and Spanish?

Aspect linearly follows FUT Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the comparative perspective in understanding Viewpoint Aspect?

It is useful for uncovering instances where null Viewpoint drives semantic interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of Aspect and FUT in OV languages with the clausal architecture in Figure 1?

Aspect precedes FUT Signup and view all the answers

Which languages are classified as VO languages in the text?

Bulgarian, Slovenian, and Spanish Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Progressive Aspect in English?

It allows for an epistemic or inferential reading with a present Temporal Orientation Signup and view all the answers

In English, what is the phonological status of the Progressive and Perfect Aspects?

They are phonologically overt Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Progressive Aspect on the Temporal Orientation of futures in English?

It allows for an epistemic or inferential reading with a present Temporal Orientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of illustrating the characteristics of English auxiliary will in the text?

To introduce less familiar future constructions in later sections Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the sentences in (4a) and (5a)?

The absence of a prefix Signup and view all the answers

What type of interpretation do Imperfective Futures often display?

Progressive interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Perfect Futures in Bulgarian?

They exhibit two aspectual combinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Viewpoint category in assigning Temporal Orientation?

It is the primary tool Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Imperfective Aspect in Bulgarian?

It is often phonologically null Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to modal habitual semantics in Bulgarian?

Imperfective Aspect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with using Perfective Presents in main clauses?

They must equal Speech Time Signup and view all the answers

What is the common solution to the problem posed by Perfective Presents in some languages?

To dispense with Perfective Presents in favor of Imperfective types Signup and view all the answers

Why do Turkish and Azeri lack simple Presents?

Because they avoid Perfective Presents Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Imperfective Aspect in Turkish and Azeri?

It intervenes between Tense and the lexical characteristics of V Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the primacy of Viewpoint Aspect in temporal relations?

It enables the encoding of ongoing, habitual, and futurate interpretations Signup and view all the answers

What determines the Temporal Orientation of the simple/syncretic forms in (17a-b)?

The Aspect of the verb Signup and view all the answers

What is the grammatical function of the affix '-ndo' in the Spanish Progressive Future construction?

Forming the gerundive verb Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the readings of the Spanish Progressive Future and the syncretic futures?

The Progressive Future has an epistemic interpretation while the syncretic futures have a habitual reading Signup and view all the answers

How does the verb 'trabaja-' behave in the Spanish Progressive Future construction?

It undergoes head movement and left adjoins to the Gerund affix Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the Spanish Perfect Future construction?

FUT [Perfect hab- -do [VP trabaja-]] Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between the Spanish Progressive Future and the Turkic languages?

Both combine a copular auxiliary with the affix for FUT and a gerundive V without agreement features Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Spanish Progressive Future and the Hindi-Urdu future constructions?

The Spanish Progressive Future is specialized for a continuous/ongoing reading like the Hindi-Urdu future Signup and view all the answers