Linguistics: Viewpoint Aspect Categories and Phonological Content
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of Viewpoint Aspect categories across languages?

  • They are only found in canonical modals
  • They have no impact on semantic interpretation
  • They display cross-linguistic variation in phonological content (correct)
  • They always have overt phonological content

What is the role of grammar factors in the interpretation of future constructions?

  • They are secondary to contextual factors
  • They are irrelevant
  • They are only relevant for epistemic FUT readings
  • They are the primary constraint (correct)

What is the relationship between Tense and Speech Time in independent sentences?

  • Tense equals Speech Time (correct)
  • Tense is unrelated to Speech Time
  • Tense is always earlier than Speech Time
  • Tense is always later than Speech Time

How does the scope of FUT relate to the scope of Viewpoint Aspect?

<p>FUT scopes over Viewpoint Aspect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of elements in the clausal architecture of VO languages like Bulgarian, Slovenian, and Spanish?

<p>Aspect linearly follows FUT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the comparative perspective in understanding Viewpoint Aspect?

<p>It is useful for uncovering instances where null Viewpoint drives semantic interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of Aspect and FUT in OV languages with the clausal architecture in Figure 1?

<p>Aspect precedes FUT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which languages are classified as VO languages in the text?

<p>Bulgarian, Slovenian, and Spanish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Progressive Aspect in English?

<p>It allows for an epistemic or inferential reading with a present Temporal Orientation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In English, what is the phonological status of the Progressive and Perfect Aspects?

<p>They are phonologically overt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Progressive Aspect on the Temporal Orientation of futures in English?

<p>It allows for an epistemic or inferential reading with a present Temporal Orientation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of illustrating the characteristics of English auxiliary will in the text?

<p>To introduce less familiar future constructions in later sections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the sentences in (4a) and (5a)?

<p>The absence of a prefix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interpretation do Imperfective Futures often display?

<p>Progressive interpretation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Perfect Futures in Bulgarian?

<p>They exhibit two aspectual combinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Viewpoint category in assigning Temporal Orientation?

<p>It is the primary tool (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Imperfective Aspect in Bulgarian?

<p>It is often phonologically null (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to modal habitual semantics in Bulgarian?

<p>Imperfective Aspect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with using Perfective Presents in main clauses?

<p>They must equal Speech Time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common solution to the problem posed by Perfective Presents in some languages?

<p>To dispense with Perfective Presents in favor of Imperfective types (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Turkish and Azeri lack simple Presents?

<p>Because they avoid Perfective Presents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Imperfective Aspect in Turkish and Azeri?

<p>It intervenes between Tense and the lexical characteristics of V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the primacy of Viewpoint Aspect in temporal relations?

<p>It enables the encoding of ongoing, habitual, and futurate interpretations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the Temporal Orientation of the simple/syncretic forms in (17a-b)?

<p>The Aspect of the verb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the grammatical function of the affix '-ndo' in the Spanish Progressive Future construction?

<p>Forming the gerundive verb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the readings of the Spanish Progressive Future and the syncretic futures?

<p>The Progressive Future has an epistemic interpretation while the syncretic futures have a habitual reading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the verb 'trabaja-' behave in the Spanish Progressive Future construction?

<p>It undergoes head movement and left adjoins to the Gerund affix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the Spanish Perfect Future construction?

<p>FUT [Perfect hab- -do [VP trabaja-]] (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between the Spanish Progressive Future and the Turkic languages?

<p>Both combine a copular auxiliary with the affix for FUT and a gerundive V without agreement features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Spanish Progressive Future and the Hindi-Urdu future constructions?

<p>The Spanish Progressive Future is specialized for a continuous/ongoing reading like the Hindi-Urdu future (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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