Linguistics Section 3: Word Types

Questions and Answers

What is referred to as the action of scattering seed?

Growing

Planting

Harvesting

Sowing (correct)

Which term describes a newly-coined word that has never been in local use?

Altered word

Mundane word

Figurative term

Coined term (correct)

What type of nouns typically end in the vowels E and O in this context?

Neuter

Common

Masculine

Feminine (correct)

Which of the following represents a lengthening of a word?

Peleiadeo Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a style described as mean?

Clarity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fits an altered word as per the provided content?

dexiteron Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the sun's action in scattering rays and the act of sowing seeds?

Both are acts of creation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words is considered a neuter noun according to the content?

pepper Signup and view all the answers

What type of word is defined as composed of nonsignificant elements?

Simple word Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a word that is commonly used among a specific group of people?

Current word Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a metaphor?

It involves the transference of meaning between categories. Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'sigynon' represent in this context?

A current term to the Cyprians. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies the use of analogy in metaphor?

The cup is to Dionysus as the shield is to Ares. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a 'strange word' in this context?

A word that has significance in another culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a triple word as mentioned?

'Hermo-caico-xanthus' Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best illustrates the concept of proportion in metaphor?

Life’s setting sun refers to old age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Epic poetry over Tragedy mentioned in the content?

It can present multiple simultaneous events. Signup and view all the answers

What is said to be the most suitable meter for a large-scale narrative poem?

Heroic hexameter Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how does the presence of multiple lines of action affect Tragedy?

It can lead to audience satiety. Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the mixing of different meters in poetry?

It leads to incongruity and confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a key characteristic of the poet's role in Epic poetry?

Minimizing personal presence. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the element of the wonderful considered essential in Tragedy?

It enhances dramatic tension and audience engagement. Signup and view all the answers

How does the content describe the heroic measure of poetry?

As stately and massive, fitting for serious themes. Signup and view all the answers

What flaw is identified in other poets compared to Homer?

They often include themselves too much. Signup and view all the answers

How does Epic poetry primarily differ from historical compositions?

It illustrates a sequence of events without a single result. Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which Homer distinguishes his work from other poets?

He limits the scope of his themes to single portions of larger events. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of Epic poetry?

Character development Signup and view all the answers

In terms of thematic structure, how do the Iliad and the Odyssey compare?

Both contain elements of simplicity and complexity. Signup and view all the answers

What concepts do both Epic poetry and Tragedy share, according to the content?

They involve Reversals of the Situation and Recognitions. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a key feature of Homer's diction and thought?

It is considered supreme and artistic. Signup and view all the answers

Which element does NOT contribute to the structure of Epic poetry?

Rhythm Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of themes in the Cypria and the Little Iliad compare to those in the Iliad?

They contain significantly more themes than the Iliad. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five critical objections mentioned in the discussion?

Impossible, irrational, morally hurtful, contradictory, contrary to artistic correctness Signup and view all the answers

What distinction is made between Epic and Tragic modes of imitation?

Epic is seen as addressing a cultivated audience, while Tragic art is viewed as unrefined Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is levied against performers in Tragedy according to the content?

They tend to indulge in excessive gesticulation and movement Signup and view all the answers

How is the relationship between Epic and Tragic art described?

Tragic art is seen as complementary to Epic but ultimately inferior Signup and view all the answers

What is claimed to be a unique benefit of Tragedy in comparison to Epic poetry?

Tragedy utilizes both narrative and spectacular effects to enhance enjoyment Signup and view all the answers

What criticism was directed at the actor Callippides?

He was labeled 'ape' for his extravagant gestures Signup and view all the answers

How does Epic poetry maintain its allure according to the discussion?

By appealing to a more intelligent audience without the need for physical performance Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about all forms of action in art?

Bad performances, regardless of genre, result in problematic action Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Words

Words can be classified as simple (nonsignificant elements) or double (composed of significant/nonsignificant elements).
Compound words may be triple, quadruple, or more, exemplified by Massilian expressions.
Words are categorized as current (widely used), strange (used in other regions), metaphorical (figurative language), ornamental (decorative), newly-coined, lengthened, contracted, or altered.
Current words are familiar to local populations, whereas strange words might be unfamiliar or foreign.

Metaphor and Diction

Metaphor involves transferring meaning between terms through various relationships: genus to species, species to genus, and species to species.
Analogy allows for a proportional relationship where one term can represent another.
Examples include "the cup of Dionysus" compared to "the shield of Ares" and various expressions depicting time and aging.
Newly-coined words are entirely new to the lexicon, created by poets for specific use.

Noun Forms and Gender

Nouns can be masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Masculine nouns typically end in N, R, S, or certain combinations (PS, X).
Feminine nouns often end in long vowels such as E and O, and sometimes in A.
Neuter nouns conclude with the vowels U, N, or S.

Clarity and Style in Writing

The ideal style is clear yet elevated, avoiding trivial language.
Clear styles that rely solely on current words may lack complexity; elevated styles using rare or metaphorical words can be overly confusing.
A balance is needed between everyday diction and artistic language to avoid jargons or riddles.

Epic vs Tragic Poetry

Epic and tragic poetry have distinct characteristics and structures; both genres require an artistic approach to thoughts and diction.
The Iliad is noted for its simplicity and pathos, while the Odyssey features complexity and ethical elements.
Epic poetry allows for simultaneous actions and large-scale narratives due to its narrative form.

Meter and Form in Epic Poetry

Epic poetry uses heroic meter, notably hexameter, which supports grand and expressive language, ideal for metaphorical usage.
Mixing meters is seen as incongruous; the heroic verse has proven most effective for large-scale narratives.

The Role of the Poet

Homer exemplifies the ideal poet, often limiting personal intervention in favor of character-driven narratives.
The use of gestures and action in performance art can detract from the poetic essence, resulting in a less refined presentation.
Tragedy, while critiqued for reliance on physical performance, is praised for its emotional depth and ability to convey profound messages without action.

Criticism and Excellence in Art

Five sources of criticism focus on whether actions are possible, irrational, morally questionable, contradictory, or artistically incorrect.
Epic poetry is deemed superior for its capacity for artistic depth and appeal to sophisticated audiences compared to the more gestural-based tragedy.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of word formation in this quiz based on Section 3 of Linguistics. Understand the differences between simple, double, and compound words as well as more complex forms. Test your knowledge and enhance your vocabulary skills!