Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason why no two human languages use the same set of sounds?
What is the primary reason why no two human languages use the same set of sounds?
- Because of the variation in the movement of organs such as the tongue and lips
- Because each language uses a distinct set of sounds from the infinite set (correct)
- Because of the infinite number of sounds humans can produce
- Due to the unique set of organs used in speaking
What is the main focus of Articulatory phonetics?
What is the main focus of Articulatory phonetics?
- The study of the characteristics of human sound-making
- The study of the physical properties of speech sounds (correct)
- The description, classification, and transcription of speech sounds
- The study of sound patterns in a language
What is the primary difference between Phonology and Phonetics?
What is the primary difference between Phonology and Phonetics?
- Phonology is the study of speech sounds, while Phonetics is the study of their patterns
- Phonology studies speech sounds, while Phonetics studies their patterns
- Phonology is the study of language, while Phonetics is the study of speech
- Phonetics studies speech sounds, while Phonology studies their patterns (correct)
What is the term for the smallest significant unit of speech?
What is the term for the smallest significant unit of speech?
What is the primary interest of Phonologists?
What is the primary interest of Phonologists?
Why are there no spaces between individual words in speech?
Why are there no spaces between individual words in speech?
What is the primary focus of Phonology?
What is the primary focus of Phonology?
What is the term for the smallest unit of grammar patterns or a word that has grammatical function and meaning?
What is the term for the smallest unit of grammar patterns or a word that has grammatical function and meaning?
Which of the following is an example of a bound morpheme?
Which of the following is an example of a bound morpheme?
What is the term for morphemes that fulfill the same function but have slightly different forms?
What is the term for morphemes that fulfill the same function but have slightly different forms?
What is the difference between the words 'cook' and 'cooked'?
What is the difference between the words 'cook' and 'cooked'?
What is the main difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes?
What is the main difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes?
What are the three various forms of the morpheme 'ed'?
What are the three various forms of the morpheme 'ed'?
Another example of allomorphs is the morpheme 'in' used to form the opposite of a word such as which?
Another example of allomorphs is the morpheme 'in' used to form the opposite of a word such as which?
Examples of derivational morphology include:
Examples of derivational morphology include:
What are the two main functions of morphology in English?
What are the two main functions of morphology in English?
Examples of inflectional morphology include:
Examples of inflectional morphology include:
Which section of morphology involves a change of word class?
Which section of morphology involves a change of word class?
Study Notes
Morphemes
- Morphemes are the smallest significant unit of grammar patterns or of a word that has grammatical function and meaning that cannot be further divided.
- Examples: cat (one morpheme), cats (cat + s, two morphemes), cook (one morpheme), cooked (cook + ed, two morphemes), unbreakable (un + break + able, three morphemes)
Free and Bound Morphemes
- Free morphemes: words like room, sky, fair, school, girl, etc. that can stand alone meaningfully and can be attached to other units known as bound morphemes.
- Bound morphemes: do not stand by themselves, yet they carry full grammatical meaning, e.g., ly, s, es, ish, and are prefixes and suffixes that can't occur on their own.
Allomorphs
- Allomorphs are morphemes that fulfill the same function but have slightly different forms.
- Examples: the morpheme "ed" has three allomorphs: /d/, /t/, and /Id/, which indicate the past tense but have different pronunciations.
Derivational and Inflectional Morphology
- Morphology fulfills two main functions in English:
- Derivational morphology: forms new words by changing the word class, e.g., beauty + ful = beautiful, danger + ous = dangerous.
- Inflectional morphology: forms new words by changing the tense, plurality, or possession, but does not change the word class, e.g., look + s, look + ing, look + ed.
Morphology vs. Phonology
- Morphology is the study of morphemes, or the smallest significant unit of grammar patterns or of a word.
- Phonology is the study of how speech sounds form patterns in a language.
- Phonetics is the study of the physical nature of speech sounds (production).
Phonetics
- Phonetics is the science that studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially those sounds used in speech.
- It provides methods for their description, classification, and transcription.
- Three branches of phonetics are:
- Articulatory phonetics
- Acoustic phonetics
- Auditory phonetics
Phonology
- Phonology is not the study of speech sounds themselves, but the study of how these speech sounds form patterns in a language.
- Phonologists investigate, for example, which function a sound has in a language and which sound can be combined with others.
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Description
Explore the basics of linguistics, including phonetics and morphology. Learn about the production of sounds in human language and how they are represented in written medium.
