Linguistics Branches

Study Notes

Phonetics: study of speech sounds and their physical properties
Phonology: study of sound patterns in language
Morphology: study of word structure and formation
Syntax: study of sentence structure and word order
Semantics: study of meaning in language
Pragmatics: study of language in context and communication
Sociolinguistics: study of language in relation to society and culture
Psycholinguistics: study of language processing and acquisition in the mind
Historical Linguistics: study of language change and evolution over time
Computational Linguistics: study of language and computers, including natural language processing and machine learning

Language Universals: characteristics shared by all human languages
Language Variation: differences between languages and dialects
Language Change: changes in language over time
Language Acquisition: process of learning a language
Sign Language: visual language using hand signs and gestures
Pidgins and Creoles: simplified languages used for communication between groups
Language Isolation: languages that have developed in isolation from other languages

Structuralism: focuses on the underlying structure of language
Generative Grammar: proposes that language is innate and hardwired into the human brain
Functionalism: emphasizes the role of language in communication and social context
Cognitive Linguistics: views language as an instrument of cognition and perception

Language Teaching: application of linguistic principles to language instruction
Language Policy: development of policies for language use and education
Forensic Linguistics: application of linguistic analysis to legal issues
Speech Therapy: treatment of speech and language disorders
Natural Language Processing: development of computer systems that can understand and generate human language

Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.
Phonology explores sound patterns in language.
Morphology examines word structure and formation.
Syntax delves into sentence structure and word order.
Semantics investigates meaning in language.
Pragmatics analyses language in context and communication.
Sociolinguistics explores language in relation to society and culture.
Psycholinguistics examines language processing and acquisition in the mind.
Historical Linguistics traces language change and evolution over time.
Computational Linguistics develops natural language processing and machine learning.

Structuralism focuses on the underlying structure of language.
Generative Grammar proposes that language is innate and hardwired into the human brain.
Functionalism emphasizes the role of language in communication and social context.
Cognitive Linguistics views language as an instrument of cognition and perception.

Language Teaching applies linguistic principles to language instruction.
Language Policy develops policies for language use and education.
Forensic Linguistics applies linguistic analysis to legal issues.
Speech Therapy treats speech and language disorders.
Natural Language Processing develops computer systems that understand and generate human language.