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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of phonetics in linguistics?
What is the primary focus of phonetics in linguistics?
What is a phoneme in linguistics?
What is a phoneme in linguistics?
What is the term for the study of word structure and formation?
What is the term for the study of word structure and formation?
What is a morpheme in linguistics?
What is a morpheme in linguistics?
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What is the focus of phonology in linguistics?
What is the focus of phonology in linguistics?
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What is the term for a unit of syntax, such as a phrase or clause?
What is the term for a unit of syntax, such as a phrase or clause?
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What is the primary focus of lexical semantics?
What is the primary focus of lexical semantics?
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What is the term for a set of related words that evoke a particular concept or idea?
What is the term for a set of related words that evoke a particular concept or idea?
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What is the term for an action performed through language, such as making a promise or giving a command?
What is the term for an action performed through language, such as making a promise or giving a command?
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What is the term for a unit of language that functions as a single unit, such as 'The dog' in the sentence 'The dog chased the cat'?
What is the term for a unit of language that functions as a single unit, such as 'The dog' in the sentence 'The dog chased the cat'?
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What is the study of language in context, focusing on how language is used in social contexts to convey meaning?
What is the study of language in context, focusing on how language is used in social contexts to convey meaning?
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Study Notes
Phonetics
- Study of the sounds of language
- Focus on physical properties of speech sounds
- Includes articulation, acoustic properties, and perception of sounds
- Phonetic transcription: representation of spoken language in written form using IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)
Phonology
- Study of sound patterns in language
- Focus on distribution and patterns of speech sounds
- Includes phonemes, allophones, and phonological rules
- Phoneme: smallest unit of sound in a language that distinguishes meaning
- E.g. /p/ and /b/ are phonemes in English because "pat" and "bat" have different meanings
Morphology
- Study of word structure and formation
- Focus on internal structure of words and how they are formed
- Includes roots, prefixes, suffixes, and inflectional endings
- Morpheme: smallest unit of language that carries meaning
- E.g. "un-" is a morpheme in English because it indicates negation
Syntax
- Study of sentence structure and formation
- Focus on how words are combined to form phrases and sentences
- Includes word order, phrase structure, and clause structure
- Constituent: a unit of syntax, such as a phrase or clause
- E.g. in the sentence "The dog chased the cat," "The dog" is a constituent because it functions as a single unit
Semantics
- Study of meaning in language
- Focus on how words and phrases convey meaning
- Includes lexical semantics (word meaning) and compositional semantics (phrase and sentence meaning)
- Semantic field: a set of related words that evoke a particular concept or idea
- E.g. "dog," "cat," "animal," and "pet" all belong to the same semantic field
Pragmatics
- Study of language in context
- Focus on how language is used in social contexts to convey meaning
- Includes speech acts, implicature, and presupposition
- Speech act: an action performed through language, such as making a promise or giving a command
- E.g. "Can you pass the salt?" is a speech act because it requests an action
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Description
Learn the fundamentals of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Understand the concepts of speech sounds, language structure, and meaning in language.
