Linee Guida per Lesioni della Pelle e cSCC
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Questions and Answers

L'orientamento superficiale nell'epidermide è correlato allo sviluppo di cSCC.

True

Le scale ipercheratotiche migliorano la risoluzione delle immagini nei test diagnostici.

False

Gli strumenti di imaging non invasivi sono adatti per le lesioni AK.

True

Altri indici di gravità clinica sono stati proposti per valutare le lesioni nella pelle.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Un recente studio ha dimostrato una debole correlazione tra lesioni superficiali e rischi di cSCC.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Il medico deve considerare il progresso scientifico dall'epoca della pubblicazione delle linee guida.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Le linee guida sono destinate esclusivamente ai pazienti con AK e carcinoidi cheratinocitari.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Le raccomandazioni delle linee guida devono essere ignorate dai medici se non sono aggiornate.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

I clinici sono incoraggiati a seguire le raccomandazioni delle linee guida senza considerare altre evidenze.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Esiste un processo di revisione delle linee guida per tenere conto dei progressi scientifici.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Il metodo delle linee guida aggiornate si basa sugli standard dello strumento AGREE II.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

L'atto di keratosi attinica è caratterizzato dalla normale proliferazione di cheratinociti epidermici.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La classificazione Oxford viene utilizzata per gradare i livelli di evidenza.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

La neoplasia intraepidermica keratinocitaria (KIN) è un’altra denominazione per l'atto di keratosi attinica.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Le linee guida non forniscono alcuna classificazione per le raccomandazioni.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nessuna parte di questo lavoro può essere riprodotta senza permesso scritto della GPO.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

La conferma istopatologica non è necessaria nella pratica medica.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

L'intervento precoce per l'AK è supportato da una giustificazione razionale.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solo i pazienti con conferma istopatologica dovrebbero ricevere un trattamento per l'AK.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

La GPO è l'ente autorizzato a concedere permessi per la riproduzione di questo lavoro.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

European Consensus-Based Interdisciplinary Guideline for Actinic Keratoses, Epithelial UV-Induced Dysplasia, and Field Cancerization

  • A collaboration of multidisciplinary experts developed European recommendations for diagnosing and treating actinic keratoses (AKs) and related conditions.
  • The guideline addresses epidemiology, diagnostics, risk stratification, and treatments in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients.
  • Actinic keratoses (AKs) are potential precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).
  • They exhibit characteristic histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of early-stage malignancy.
  • AKs can progress to cSCC in situ or become invasive but this progression isn't predictable.

Introduction and Scope

  • The guideline aims to assist clinicians in diagnosing and treating patients with epithelial dysplasia, including AKs.
  • It considers the rising incidence of keratinocyte cancers.
  • The concept of field cancerization, where genetic changes occur in the surrounding skin, has been incorporated into the recommendations.
  • The guideline targets dermatologists managing patients with AKs and related conditions, emphasizing the importance of treatment and monitoring for preventing invasive skin cancers.

Definition, Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Diagnosis

  • Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common cutaneous keratinocyte dysplasia involving atypical epidermal keratinocytes.
  • Multiple terms exist, including solar keratosis, senile keratosis, and in situ SCC-type AK. AK may be considered precancerous or as in situ SCC.
  • Field cancerization refers to subclinical changes in the surrounding skin, exhibiting similar genetic alterations to those in the visible AK lesion. It's characterized by telangiectasia, atrophy, pigmentation abnormalities, and a sandpaper-like texture.
  • Epidemiological data on AK are often scarce and influenced by biases.
  • Prevalence varies greatly across regions, depending on factors like UV radiation and population characteristics.
  • Risk factors for AK include age >45, fair skin, light hair and eye color, freckles, a history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), sunburns, and chronic sun exposure.

Pathophysiology

  • AKs primarily result from chronic sun exposure, particularly on areas with chronic sun damage.
  • UVB radiation induces mutations and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16INK4a, PTEN).
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may act as a cofactor. Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of AK and cSCC in individuals with HPV infections.

Clinical Features and Non-Invasive Diagnosis

  • AKs typically manifest as rough, scaly skin, and can range in color from red to dark brown.
  • They commonly appear on chronically sun-damaged areas.
  • Dermatoscopy can aid in diagnosis, offering improved sensitivity and specificity.
  • Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can assist in differential diagnosis of AK and cSCC.
  • Ancillary techniques, particularly in cases of treatment resistance, or when BCC or additional conditions are suspected, support reliable diagnosis.

Histopathologic Confirmation

  • Histopathological examination is indicated in challenging cases, especially when distinguishing AK from other skin conditions, such as Bowen's disease.
  • The Rowett-Hubert classification helps grade AK severity based on histological findings. However, this classification is problematic.
  • Evidence suggests that hair follicle involvement correlates with the depth of invasion of associated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Treatment of Actinic Keratoses

  • Treatment rationale centers on preventing transformation to invasive cSCC and managing field cancerization.
  • Lesion-directed treatments target individual AK lesions, while field-directed treatments aim for widespread or subclinical AKs.
  • Various approaches, including topical agents (5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy; PDT), cryotherapy, laser ablation, and surgical excision, help in lesion or field-directed interventions.
  • Treatment selection depends on lesion characteristics, patient factors, and preferences, often requiring a case-by-case consideration.

Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients

  • Immunocompromised individuals present with a higher risk of progression to invasive cSCC.
  • Treatment strategies focus on field-directed approaches (e.g., PDT) over purely lesion-targeted therapies considering the common feature of extensive and multiple lesions.

Prevention and Follow-up

  • Patients with AKs should be advised to practice proper sun protection, including sunscreen use, protective clothing, and limiting midday sun exposure.
  • Surveillance and follow-up are crucial for detecting recurrence, new lesions, or potential progression.
  • Frequency of follow-up visits should be tailored to individual risk factors, such as presence and/or extent of pre-existing keratinocyte cancers, and/or immunosuppression.

Combination Treatments

  • Combined treatments enhance lesion clearance rates compared to monotherapy by utilizing multiple mechanisms of action.
  • Sequential or simultaneous use of field-directed and lesion-directed therapies is often recommended for treating multiple, hyperkeratotic, and treatment-resistant AKs or extensive fields of chronic sun damage.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

  • PDT utilizes photosensitizing agents to selectively target and destroy atypical keratinocytes using light.
  • Several versions of PDT (e.g., conventional, daylight, or laser-assisted) are mentioned.

Topical Agents

  • Topical agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, and diclofenac provide options for AK treatment.

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AK GUIDELINES PDF

Description

Questo quiz esplora le linee guida e le raccomandazioni relative alle lesioni cutanee, in particolare per il carcinoma spinocellulare (cSCC) e le cheratosi attiniche (AK). Esamineremo i metodi di imaging, l'interpretazione dei risultati e l'importanza dell'aggiornamento delle linee guida nel contesto clinico. Un'attenzione particolare sarà data al progresso scientifico e alla valutazione della gravità delle lesioni cutanee.

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