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Questions and Answers
What does block coding primarily achieve?
What does block coding primarily achieve?
The 4B/5B coding scheme reduces the bit rate compared to the original data rate.
The 4B/5B coding scheme reduces the bit rate compared to the original data rate.
False
What is the formula for calculating minimum bandwidth using NRZ-I coding?
What is the formula for calculating minimum bandwidth using NRZ-I coding?
N/2
Block coding replaces each m-bit group with an n-bit group, typically referred to as _____ coding.
Block coding replaces each m-bit group with an n-bit group, typically referred to as _____ coding.
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Match the following coding schemes with their primary characteristics:
Match the following coding schemes with their primary characteristics:
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Which coding scheme is beneficial in avoiding long runs of voltage levels that could cause DC components?
Which coding scheme is beneficial in avoiding long runs of voltage levels that could cause DC components?
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Scrambling increases the bandwidth for synchronization.
Scrambling increases the bandwidth for synchronization.
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How many extra words are created by a 4-bit data word when using 5-bit words?
How many extra words are created by a 4-bit data word when using 5-bit words?
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What is a key feature of line encoding techniques that enhance signal reliability?
What is a key feature of line encoding techniques that enhance signal reliability?
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All signal levels in unipolar encoding are on both sides of the time axis.
All signal levels in unipolar encoding are on both sides of the time axis.
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What does NRZ stand for in the context of line encoding?
What does NRZ stand for in the context of line encoding?
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The NRZ-L scheme uses _____ voltage for a 1 symbol and _____ for a 0 symbol.
The NRZ-L scheme uses _____ voltage for a 1 symbol and _____ for a 0 symbol.
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Which line encoding scheme is known for being simple but costly in power consumption?
Which line encoding scheme is known for being simple but costly in power consumption?
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NRZ-I uses the level of voltage to determine the value of a bit.
NRZ-I uses the level of voltage to determine the value of a bit.
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Match the following encoding schemes with their characteristics:
Match the following encoding schemes with their characteristics:
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What is typically sacrificed when utilizing more robust and resilient line coding?
What is typically sacrificed when utilizing more robust and resilient line coding?
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What does the notation mBnL represent in multilevel coding?
What does the notation mBnL represent in multilevel coding?
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Bipolar AMI allows for DC component and has self-synchronization.
Bipolar AMI allows for DC component and has self-synchronization.
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What is the primary representation of '0' in Bipolar AMI?
What is the primary representation of '0' in Bipolar AMI?
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In pseudoternary coding, the '1' symbol is represented by ______ voltage.
In pseudoternary coding, the '1' symbol is represented by ______ voltage.
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Match the terms with their descriptions.
Match the terms with their descriptions.
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Which statement is true about multilevel schemes?
Which statement is true about multilevel schemes?
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In mBnL schemes, 2m must always be greater than Ln.
In mBnL schemes, 2m must always be greater than Ln.
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What happens if 2m > Ln in coding schemes?
What happens if 2m > Ln in coding schemes?
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Study Notes
Line Coding Schemes
- Used to convert digital data to analog signals for transmission over physical media.
- Different schemes utilize varying voltage levels and transitions to represent binary data.
- Schemes can balance factors such as bandwidth, DC component, error detection, and complexity.
Unipolar Schemes
- All signal levels are on one side of the time axis (either above or below).
-
NRZ (Non-Return to Zero): Signal level doesn't return to zero during symbol transmission.
- Prone to baseline wandering and DC component issues.
- No synchronization or error detection capabilities.
- Simple implementation but high power consumption.
Polar Schemes
- Voltage levels are on both sides of the time axis.
- NRZ-L (Non-Return to Zero - Level): Positive voltage for one symbol, negative for the other.
- NRZ-I (Non-Return to Zero - Inversion): Change in polarity represents a "1" symbol, no change represents a "0".
Bipolar Schemes
- Utilize three voltage levels: "+", "0", and "-".
-
AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion): "0" symbol represented by zero voltage, "1" symbol alternates between +V and -V.
- No DC component or baseline wandering, but lacks self-synchronization.
- No error detection capabilities.
- Pseudoternary: Inverse of AMI; "0" symbol alternates between +V and -V, "1" symbol is represented by zero voltage.
Block Coding Schemes
- Add redundancy to data bits for error detection and synchronization.
-
mB/nB Coding: Replaces each m-bit group with an n-bit group (e.g. 4B/5B).
- Prevents certain bit combinations causing DC components or poor synchronization.
-
4B/5B Coding:
- Increases bit rate by 25%.
- Minimum bandwidth is N/2 for NRZ-I.
- Requires higher bandwidth (1.25 MHz) with Manchester encoding.
- 8B10B Coding: Offers more redundant bits for improved error detection and elimination of DC component issues.
Multilevel Schemes
- Increase the number of data bits per symbol, increasing the bit rate.
-
mBnL Notation:
- "m": Length of binary pattern.
- "n": Length of signal pattern.
- "L": Number of levels (B = binary, T = ternary, Q = quaternary).
- mBnL schemes work when 2m ≤ Ln.
Line Encoding Considerations
- Error Detection: Codes with specific signal transitions or patterns allow identification of errors.
- Noise and Interference: Some line encoding techniques offer immunity to noise and interference, ensuring signal integrity.
- Complexity: More robust and resilient codes often demand more complex implementation and may impact baud rate or required bandwidth.
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Description
This quiz explores various line coding schemes used to convert digital data to analog signals for transmission. It covers key concepts such as unipolar, polar, and bipolar schemes, along with their characteristics and implications for error detection and synchronization. Test your understanding of these essential techniques in digital communications.
