Chapter 2 Historical perspective on policy, politics, and nursing

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Questions and Answers

What was a primary focus of the 'new public health' movement in the 1920s in the United States?

Development of advanced surgical techniques

Personal, mental, and social hygiene for individuals (correct)

Community health practices for adults

Pharmacy education improvements

Why were public health examinations for women and children emphasized during this period?

To promote alternative medicine practices

To reduce the need for medical insurance

To recognize and address cancer and heart disease (correct)

To create a demand for new hospitals

What role did public health nurses play in New York City during the 1920s?

They primarily focused on adult education.

They lobbied for better medical infrastructure.

They conducted surgeries in clinics.

They served as the connection between patients and physicians. (correct)

What was Lillian Wald's primary motivation for returning to nursing after her medical education?

To effect change in housing, sanitation, nutrition, and education. Signup and view all the answers

What was established by a group of public health nurses in New York City in 1921?

The Citizen's Health Protective Society Signup and view all the answers

How did Lillian Wald contribute to the structure of the U.S. health care system?

Through her establishment of the Henry Street Settlement House. Signup and view all the answers

What collaborative effort did Lillian Wald participate in to improve public health services?

Creation of the National Organization of Public Health Nursing. Signup and view all the answers

How did public health leaders view pregnancy during this initiative?

As a disease that needed treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health policy did Wald's initiatives specifically aim to address?

Access to care in rural and underserved areas. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome anticipated from the campaigns launched for maternal and child health?

A decrease in maternal mortality rates Signup and view all the answers

What financial support initiated the launch of the Citizen's Health Protective Society?

Funds from an anonymous donor Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the National Organization of Public Health Nursing established?

1912 Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the Affordable Care Act (ACA) emphasize in health care delivery?

A focus on home and community care. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the public health agenda in New York City in the 1920s?

An integrated approach incorporating partnerships Signup and view all the answers

What significant belief did Lillian Wald hold regarding nurses' roles in health policy?

Nurses can be active participants in health policy debates. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of public health nursing did leaders believe would define their professional identity?

Their role in maternal and child health Signup and view all the answers

How did the Citizen's Health Protective Society propose to support mothers?

By offering prenatal care and supervised childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What financial strategy did Lillian Wald utilize to support her public health initiatives?

Securing financial resources from private foundations and donors. Signup and view all the answers

What factor was crucial for public health nurses in the 1920s and 1930s as well as for nurse practitioners today?

Building coalitions and partnerships Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge for nurse practitioners in gaining legislative support during the early 1970s?

Absence of a unified coalition Signup and view all the answers

What role did the American Nurses Association (ANA) play in supporting nurse practitioners in the late 1970s?

They formulated a policy agenda that included nurse practitioners. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the patient movement supporting nurse practitioners during the 1980s and 1990s?

It lacked organization but showed appreciation for nurse practitioner services. Signup and view all the answers

What obstacle did nurses face in building effective coalitions throughout the 1980s and 1990s?

Medical organizations not providing large-scale support. Signup and view all the answers

What was one main reason for the decline in support for public health nursing in the 1930s?

Nurses felt their role was limited to messaging Signup and view all the answers

Which public health issue was largely ignored by nurses in New York City during the early 1930s?

The rising rates of maternal mortality Signup and view all the answers

What key event did the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Institute of Medicine initiate in 2009?

A study on nursing practice and education Signup and view all the answers

How did the committee for the 2009 study reflect the changing healthcare landscape?

By including diverse stakeholder representation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of The Campaign for Action?

To establish state and national action coalitions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the final recommendations from the report titled 'The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health'?

Nurses should practice to the fullest extent of their knowledge and skills Signup and view all the answers

What did the conceptualization of public health nurses' roles link historically to?

Historic continuities of nursing practice Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the historical context for public health nursing in the 1930s?

A shift towards hospital-centric care Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the public health nurses' narrow focus during the 1930s?

A failure to recognize changing family health dynamics Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary functions of the public health nursing leaders in New York City's demonstration projects?

To provide health supervision of babies and preschool children Signup and view all the answers

Which organization maintained that its nurses were official city agents with police power?

New York City's Department of Health Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome for public health nurses by the end of the demonstration period in 1928?

They gained control over their independent nursing practices Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health care did the demonstration projects actively contribute to, according to the content?

Expanding primary, pregnancy, dental, and pediatric care Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did public health nurses face in their efforts to collaborate with the Department of Health?

Restrictions imposed by their police power Signup and view all the answers

What ongoing mission was continued by the demonstration projects?

Offering bedside nursing to sick residents Signup and view all the answers

How did the demonstration projects approach their outreach efforts?

By going door to door and neighborhood visits Signup and view all the answers

What significant transformation occurred in 1928 regarding public health nursing education?

The establishment of a postgraduate training site for nursing students Signup and view all the answers

Which group did the public health nurses NOT share their investment with during the demonstration projects?

Supporting philanthropies Signup and view all the answers

What was one major area of research initiated by the demonstration projects?

Organizational structures of public health nursing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lillian Wald and the Henry Street Settlement

Lillian Wald left medical school in 1893 to pursue nursing, believing nurses could influence social policies affecting health.
Established the Henry Street Settlement House in New York City to address issues like housing, sanitation, nutrition, and education.
Created the Visiting Nurse Service aimed at home nursing care, health promotion, and disease prevention through community outreach.

Impact on Health Care System

Formed coalitions with institutions like the American Red Cross to enhance access to health care in rural areas.
Instrumental in establishing the National Organization of Public Health Nursing in 1912, affecting health policy at multiple levels.
Secured funding from private foundations, showcasing the critical role of financial resources in public health initiatives.

Evolution of Public Health Nursing

The "new public health" emerged in the 1920s, focusing on individual health through hygiene practices and routine medical examinations.
Public health nurses were seen as essential links between patients, physicians, and health institutions, particularly in New York City.
Efforts to enhance health for mothers and children led to the establishment of The Citizen's Health Protective Society in 1921, providing comprehensive prenatal and postpartum care.

Challenges in Public Health Initiatives

Nurses faced political challenges and institutional control, with the Department of Health maintaining authority over city-employed nurses.
The 1928 health demonstration projects allowed nurses to supervise independent practices, marking a significant achievement.
Despite successful initiatives, support for public health nursing declined in the 1930s amid rising hospital dependency and emerging public health crises.

Historical Lessons for Present-Day Nursing

The 2009 RWJF and IOM study recommended reevaluating nursing practice and education, reflecting the evolving healthcare landscape.
The report "The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health" emphasized the need for nurses to practice fully utilizing their skills.
Historical roles of public health nurses inform contemporary approaches, underscoring the need for coalition-building in nursing advocacy.

Current Landscape and Challenges

Continuities between past and present highlight the importance of partnerships in advancing nursing interests and healthcare policies.
Despite evidence of effective nurse practitioner services since the 1970s, obstacles in policymaking persisted, often due to the influence of organized medicine.
The American Nurses Association leveraged patient satisfaction studies to bolster the role of nurse practitioners while facing resistance from medical organizations.

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Description

Explore the contributions of Lillian Wald and the establishment of the Henry Street Settlement. This quiz delves into the evolution of public health nursing, the impact of Wald's initiatives on community health, and her influence on health policies. Understand how her efforts transformed nursing and improved healthcare accessibility.