Light Theories and Electromagnetic Waves Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the key principle of the Corpuscular Theory of light?

  • Light does not travel in straight lines.
  • Light exhibits wave properties.
  • Light is a particle traveling from a source. (correct)
  • Light can be polarized.

Which phenomenon is unique to the Wave Theory of light?

  • Reflection
  • Diffraction
  • Rectilinear propagation
  • Polarization (correct)

Which of the following phenomena can be explained by both the Corpuscular and Wave Theories of light?

  • Polarization
  • Diffraction (correct)
  • Interference (correct)
  • Photoelectric effect

Which scientists contributed to the development of theories explaining the nature of light and electromagnetic radiation?

<p>Maxwell, Planck, and Einstein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn regarding the Corpuscular and Wave Theories of light?

<p>Neither theory fully explains the nature of light. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method did Hertz use to create high voltage in his experiments?

<p>An induction coil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did Hertz coin for the electromagnetic waves he discovered?

<p>Radio waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant application of Hertz's radio waves was first utilized by Guglielmo Marconi in 1901?

<p>Transatlantic radio transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis did Galileo make regarding light prior to his experiments?

<p>Light has a finite speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Galileo's speed of light experiments, who was responsible for indicating when light was seen?

<p>His assistant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What confirms that electromagnetic waves (EMW) are transverse waves?

<p>The electric and magnetic fields vibrate perpendicular to each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Hertz's experimental setup is responsible for generating electromagnetic waves?

<p>Spark gap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did Maxwell make regarding light in relation to EMWs?

<p>Light is one form of EMW with the same properties as other waves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant outcome of Hertz's experiments between 1886 and 1889?

<p>He confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of EMWs was predicted by Maxwell to vary among different types?

<p>The frequency of the waves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate error percentage in Michelson's speed of light measurements?

<p>5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what speed does the rotating mirror in Michelson's experiment operate?

<p>32000 rotations per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the rotating mirror do to allow the observer to see a flash of light?

<p>Rotate exactly 1/8 of a rotation in appropriate time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovation did Armand Fizeau introduce in his method for measuring the speed of light?

<p>Employing a toothed wheel for timing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Ole Rømer estimate the speed of light?

<p>Through observations of Jupiter's moon Io (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the best result obtained for the speed of light in Michelson's experiment?

<p>$2.997996 imes 10^8$ m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Michelson used a rotating 8-sided mirror at 610 rotations per second, how far away was the mirror in kilometers?

<p>302 km (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the speed and frequency of light when it is reflected from a surface?

<p>Speed and frequency remain unchanged (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the toothed wheel used in the Fizeau experiment is stopped?

<p>The observer sees steady light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the early attempts made before Fizeau to measure the speed of light?

<p>Studying timing of Io’s eclipses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a situation where a light ray strikes a mirror with an angle of incidence of 45°, what will be the angle of reflection?

<p>45° (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the bending of light during refraction when it crosses into a new medium?

<p>Change in speed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the speed of light being finite?

<p>It implies light cannot be used for instantaneous communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes refraction?

<p>Light changing direction as it travels through different media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of two mirrors, if a light ray reflects off the first mirror at an angle of 20° and then strikes a second mirror, which alters the angle, what is the total change in direction if the second mirror reflects at 50°?

<p>70° (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far away is the sun from Earth if light takes 8 minutes 18 seconds to travel this distance?

<p>1.49 x 10^11 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time taken for a radio transmission to reach the moon, given the distance to the moon is 3.90 x 10^5 km?

<p>1.3 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a rocket travels to the moon at a speed of 2900 km/hr, how long will it take to reach the moon?

<p>16.3 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rotation rate of a mirror in a microwave experiment if it has 8 sides and rotates at 750 revolutions per second?

<p>45000 rpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of reflection, what is true about the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

<p>Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon did Faraday discover that relates to the unity of electricity and magnetism?

<p>Electromagnetic induction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Maxwell's theory, what can initiate an electromagnetic wave?

<p>A changing magnetic field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a photon represent in the context of quantum theory?

<p>A quantum of electromagnetic energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sinusoidal representation of an electromagnetic wave, what do the y-axis and z-axis represent?

<p>Electric field and magnetic field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic waves?

<p>Electric and magnetic fields oscillate in phase with each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light when it moves from a medium with lower density to one with higher density?

<p>It slows down and bends towards the normal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which index of refraction indicates that light slows down the most in a medium?

<p>2.00 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon of light bending as it passes between different mediums called?

<p>Refraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does light bend towards the normal when it slows down?

<p>Because of the change in density of the medium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of light refraction, what does Snell's Law describe?

<p>The relationship between angles and indices of refraction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the refractive index of glass used in this calculation?

<p>1.50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of incidence (θ₁) for the ray of light traveling from air to glass?

<p>72.0° (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step after calculating sin θ₂ = 0.6338 to find the angle of refraction?

<p>Calculate sin⁻¹(0.6338) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Snell's Law, what equation correctly describes the relationship between the refractive indices and angles?

<p>n₂ sin θ₂ = n₁ sin θ₁ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate angle of refraction (θ₂) when light passes from air into glass at an angle of incidence of 72.0°?

<p>39.3° (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Corpuscular Theory of Light

Light is a stream of particles traveling from a source.

Wave Theory of Light

Light is a form of wave energy that travels in a transverse direction.

Rectilinear Propagation of Light

Light travels in straight lines.

Polarization of Light

A wave property of light where oscillations are restricted to a specific plane.

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Photoelectric Effect

Light striking a certain material forces electrons out of the material.

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Photons

Light is emitted in discrete packets called photons.

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Electromagnetic Waves

Waves that travel through space, created by changing electric and magnetic fields.

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Maxwell's Prediction

Changing magnetic fields create electric fields, and vice versa, forming electromagnetic waves.

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Electromagnetic Induction

The phenomenon where a changing magnetic field creates an electric field.

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Electromagnetic Wave Initiation

Accelerating charges or changing magnetic fields generate electromagnetic waves.

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Hertz's Experiment

Hertz used high voltage to create radio waves by producing changes in electric fields within antennas.

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Radio Waves

Electromagnetic waves created by changing electric fields.

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Transatlantic Transmission

Using radio waves to send signals across the Atlantic Ocean.

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Speed of Light

The rate at which light travels.

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Fizeau Experiment

A method for accurately measuring the speed of light using a toothed wheel and a mirror.

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Speed of Light (c)

The finite speed at which light travels.

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Toothed Wheel

A rotating wheel used in the Fizeau experiment to precisely measure the time taken by light.

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Rømer's Method

Astronomical method using observations of Jupiter's moon Io to estimate the speed of light.

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Reaction Time (Experiment)

Time taken for a reaction (e.g. the observer to detect the arrival of light).

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Electromagnetic Wave (EMW)

EMW consists of vibrating electric ($\vec{E}$) and magnetic ($\vec{B}$) fields that regenerate each other and travel perpendicular to both fields.

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Maxwell's prediction on Light

Maxwell predicted light to be an electromagnetic wave calculated to have a speed of 3 x 10^8 m/s.

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EMW generation

EMW are created using high voltage to cause sparks (high energy) that send out EMW for detection.

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Receiver antenna

The receiver antenna is used to detect the generated electromagnetic wave.

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Michelson's experiment

A method to measure the speed of light using a rotating toothed wheel, improving on earlier Fizeau's design.

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Light travelling time

The time light takes to travel from a fixed light source to a rotating mirror and back.

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Rotating mirror's rotation

The mirror must rotate exactly 1/8, 2/8, 3/8,... etc., of a rotation in the time it takes for light to travel from a fixed light source to a rotating mirror and back.

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How does the rotating mirror calculate time?

The number of rotations the mirror makes in a given time is used to calculate the time it takes light to travel to the mirror and back.

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Speed of light calculation

The speed of light (c) is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time it takes for light to travel from the source to the mirror and back.

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Distance to the Sun

The distance between Earth and the Sun can be calculated using the speed of light and the time it takes light to travel from the Sun to Earth.

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Time for Radio Transmission to the Moon

The time it takes for a radio signal to travel from Earth to the Moon can be calculated using the distance to the Moon and the speed of light.

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Rotating Mirror in Microwave Experiment

A rotating mirror with multiple sides in a microwave experiment helps reflect the microwave beam and measure its speed.

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Calculate Time for Rocket to Reach the Moon

The time it takes for a rocket to reach the Moon can be calculated using the distance to the Moon and the speed of the rocket.

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What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

The Law of Reflection states that the angle of incidence (the angle at which light hits a surface) is equal to the angle of reflection (the angle at which light bounces off the surface).

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Reflection of light

When light bounces off a surface, its speed, color, and wavelength stay the same. The angle it hits (incidence) equals the angle it bounces back (reflection).

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Angle of incidence vs. angle of reflection

The angle at which light hits a surface (incidence) is always the same as the angle it bounces back (reflection).

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Refraction

When light passes from one medium to another (like air to water), it bends because its speed changes.

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What causes refraction?

Refraction happens because light travels at different speeds in different mediums. When it enters a denser medium, it slows down, and bends.

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Reflection vs. Refraction

Reflection is when light bounces off a surface, while refraction is when light bends as it enters a new medium.

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Change in Speed

Light changes speed when moving between media with different densities.

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Index of Refraction (n)

A number describing how much light slows down in a medium. Higher value means greater slowing and bending.

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What happens to light's speed when it goes from air to water?

Light slows down when moving from air to water because water has a higher index of refraction than air.

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What happens to light when it goes from a smooth surface to a rough one?

Light can refract as it moves from a smooth surface, such as a floor, to a rough surface, such as a carpet, because the speed of light changes.

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Snell's Law

A law that describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction when light passes from one medium to another.

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Angle of Incidence

The angle between the incoming light ray and the normal line at the point where the light ray enters the interface between the two media.

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Angle of Refraction

The angle between the refracted light ray and the normal line at the point where the light ray enters the interface between the two media.

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Refractive Index

A measure of how much light bends when it passes from one medium to another.

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Calculating Refraction

The process of using Snell's Law to find the angle of refraction when light passes from one medium to another.

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