Light Sources: Incandescent and Fluorescent Lamps

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Questions and Answers

What is responsible for regulating the current flow through the fluorescent lamp?

  • Inductor
  • Diode
  • Resistor
  • Ballast (correct)

Why do larger tubes require a substantial voltage to start the arc?

  • They have more electrodes
  • They contain a different gas mixture
  • The mercury atoms need to be ionized (correct)
  • They have a higher resistance

What is used in preheat lamps to preheat the filaments before striking the arc?

  • Resistor
  • Capacitor
  • Combination filament/cathode (correct)
  • Inductor

Which component is used for power factor correction in fluorescent lamps?

<p>Capacitor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for altering mains voltage frequency into high-frequency AC for fluorescent lamps?

<p>Transistor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is used for the envelope of germicidal lamps that produce unfiltered ultraviolet glow?

<p>Fused quartz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are fluorescent lamps equipped with a capacitor?

<p>For power factor correction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes lamps that use a filament/cathode at each end in conjunction with a preheating mechanism?

<p>Preheat lamps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an incandescent light bulb produce light?

<p>By passing an electric current through a thin filament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the enclosing glass bulb serve in an incandescent light bulb?

<p>Prevents oxygen from reaching the filament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term used to refer to incandescent bulbs?

<p>Electric lamps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of current can incandescent lamps work well on?

<p>Alternating current and direct current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the wide use of incandescent lamps in household and commercial lighting?

<p>Low manufacturing cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inventor was issued U.S. Patent #223898 for the Electric Lamp in 1880?

<p>Thomas Edison (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the notation FC##T# for circular bulbs represent?

<p>Diameter of the circle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of power sources are compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) produced for?

<p>Both AC and DC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color is usually indicated by the abbreviation EW for fluorescent lamps?

<p>Warm white (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are DC CFLs popular for use?

<p>Recreational vehicles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lamps are typically labeled BLB and used in bug zappers?

<p>Blacklight-blue lamps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do some families in developing countries use to power DC CFLs instead of kerosene lanterns?

<p>Wind generators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure invented the predecessor to the modern compact fluorescent lamp (CFL)?

<p>Peter Cooper Hewitt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average rated lifespan of a CFL compared to incandescent lamps?

<p>8-15 times longer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common color represented by the abbreviation CW for fluorescent lamps?

<p>Cool white (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) from an incandescent lamp?

<p>Use of a ballast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many hours is the rated lifespan of typical CFLs within?

<p>6,000-15,000 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lamp is denoted by the abbreviation BL and commonly used in nightclubs?

<p>&quot;Blacklight&quot; lamps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a measure used to compare the energy efficiency of different types of light bulbs?

<p>Lumens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical efficiency range of a CFL in converting electric power to radiant power?

<p>17-21% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the spiral-type compact fluorescent lamp slightly less efficient compared to tubular fluorescent lamps?

<p>Due to a thicker layer of phosphor on the twist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the output of lamps commonly measured in lumens?

<p>To account for eye sensitivity to wavelength changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical luminous efficacy of CFL sources?

<p>60 to 72 lumens per watt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparison, what is the luminous efficacy range for incandescent lamps?

<p>8 to 17 lm/W (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one drawback of CFLs when compared to incandescent bulbs in terms of starting time?

<p>They take longer to achieve full brightness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the shorter life of CFLs when turned on and off for short periods?

<p>Frequent cycling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lamp uses a radio-frequency oscillator to excite mercury vapor?

<p>Electrodeless lamp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs) from traditional CFLs?

<p>Higher voltage and lower current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the environmental benefits of using compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)?

<p>Less consumption of power compared to incandescent lamps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the size of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) sometimes an issue?

<p>The larger size may not fit well in existing light fixtures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might accompany the failure of the electronic ballast in a CFL?

<p>Distinctive smell or odors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do CFLs offset the higher energy consumption during their manufacturing phase?

<p>By lasting longer and using less energy than incandescent lamps over their lifespan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary objective of compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) design?

<p>High durability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do CFLs help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

<p>By using less power to provide the same amount of light as incandescent lamps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might high output CFLs be larger than their incandescent equivalents?

<p>Due to phosphor surface area proportionality with light output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue might be experienced when the electronic ballast in a CFL fails?

<p>Distinctive odors or smoke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the modern CFL in response to the 1973 oil crisis?

<p>Ed Hammer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company did George Inman team with to create a practical fluorescent lamp?

<p>General Electric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important technical advance in CFLs mentioned in the text?

<p>Replacement of electromagnetic ballasts with electronic ballasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who patented a high pressure vapor lamp in 1927?

<p>Friedrich Meyer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of a CFL emits ultraviolet light when an electrical current flows through it?

<p>Gas-filled tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lamps have two main parts: gas-filled tube and ballast?

<p>Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of General Electric's invention of the modern CFL due to cost reasons?

<p>It was shelved by GE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phosphor coating do inside a gas-filled tube of a CFL?

<p>Emits visible light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a fluorescent lamp convert electrical energy into radiant energy?

<p>By emitting ultraviolet photons when an electron jumps to a higher energy level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Heinrich Geissler's contribution to the development of the fluorescent lamp?

<p>Creating a mercury vacuum pump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental process for converting electrical energy into radiant energy in a fluorescent lamp?

<p>Incident free electron transfers energy to the atom's outer electron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What early observation led to advancements in the development of the fluorescent lamp?

<p>A radiant glow in glass vessels with an electrical current (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the instability of a higher energy state have on an atom in a fluorescent lamp?

<p>It emits an ultraviolet photon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitated the observation of a strong green glow in Geissler tubes when an electrical current passed through?

<p>Creation of a mercury vacuum pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the fluorescent lamp is the radiant green glow observed?

<p>&quot;On the walls of the tube at the cathode end&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for incident free electrons to transfer energy to an atom's outer electron in a fluorescent lamp?

<p>&quot;A higher energy state that is unstable&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lamps have a reflective coating inside the bulb to direct light forward?

<p>Multifaceted Reflector (MR) lamps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bulb puts approximately double the amount of light on the front central area as General Service bulbs of the same wattage?

<p>Reflector (R) bulbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of lighting fixtures are Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (PAR) bulbs commonly used?

<p>Outdoor spot and flood fixtures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the number in a PAR bulb's name, such as PAR 30 or PAR 38?

<p>The diameter of the bulb in 1/8s of an inch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the increase in voltage across the lamp for easy starting in fluorescent lamps?

<p>Capacitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to incandescent lamps, what is a major advantage of fluorescent lamps in terms of luminous efficacy?

<p>Lower power consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health and safety issue associated with fluorescent lamps if they break?

<p>Mercury contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ballast required in fluorescent lamps?

<p>To stabilize current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the luminosity of a fluorescent tube compared to an incandescent lamp?

<p>Smaller light source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When operated for several hours, approximately how much longer can a fluorescent lamp last compared to an equivalent incandescent lamp?

<p>~10-20 times longer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of heat emission, how does the heat produced by fluorescent lamps compare to an equivalent installation of incandescent lamps?

<p>~50-60% less heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the inductor in conjunction with the capacitor in a fluorescent lamp?

<p>Limit current flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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