Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc?
What is the primary function of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc?
- To provide structural support to the disc
- To act as a shock absorber (correct)
- To connect adjacent vertebrae
- To facilitate joint motion
Which statement accurately describes true ribs?
Which statement accurately describes true ribs?
- They attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages. (correct)
- They attach indirectly to the sternum.
- They are pairs 8–12 of the ribs.
- They do not attach to the sternum.
What components make up the thoracic cage?
What components make up the thoracic cage?
- Ribs and the sacrum
- Cervical vertebrae and sternum
- Pelvic bones and lumbar vertebrae
- Thoracic vertebrae and ribs (correct)
What role do ligaments play in the vertebral column?
What role do ligaments play in the vertebral column?
Which type of ribs are referred to as floating ribs?
Which type of ribs are referred to as floating ribs?
What is the shape of the intervertebral disc primarily compared to?
What is the shape of the intervertebral disc primarily compared to?
What does the term 'anulus fibrosis' refer to in the context of intervertebral discs?
What does the term 'anulus fibrosis' refer to in the context of intervertebral discs?
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
What is the typical internal diameter of an acetabulum?
What is the typical internal diameter of an acetabulum?
What is the average center-edge angle of the acetabulum in the frontal plane?
What is the average center-edge angle of the acetabulum in the frontal plane?
What effect does an acetabular anteversion angle greater than 20° have?
What effect does an acetabular anteversion angle greater than 20° have?
Which bone is the largest and strongest in the body?
Which bone is the largest and strongest in the body?
At what angle does the femoral neck typically join the shaft?
At what angle does the femoral neck typically join the shaft?
Which condition is characterized by a smaller neck-to-shaft angle?
Which condition is characterized by a smaller neck-to-shaft angle?
What are the three segments of the lower limb?
What are the three segments of the lower limb?
What type of loads do the thick articular cartilages on the femoral head primarily sustain?
What type of loads do the thick articular cartilages on the femoral head primarily sustain?
What is one of the primary functions of the patella?
What is one of the primary functions of the patella?
Which joint allows gliding motion during knee flexion?
Which joint allows gliding motion during knee flexion?
What type of tissue are the medial and lateral menisci composed of?
What type of tissue are the medial and lateral menisci composed of?
What is the role of the tibia in the leg?
What is the role of the tibia in the leg?
What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?
What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?
What is excluded from the knee joint and does not transfer weight to the ankle and foot?
What is excluded from the knee joint and does not transfer weight to the ankle and foot?
Which ligament is classified as an intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?
Which ligament is classified as an intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?
How does the knee joint achieve a locking position at full extension?
How does the knee joint achieve a locking position at full extension?
Which group of muscles is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
Which group of muscles is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
What type of joint are the lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints?
What type of joint are the lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints?
What is the primary function of the acetabular labrum?
What is the primary function of the acetabular labrum?
What is the function of fat pads in the knee joint?
What is the function of fat pads in the knee joint?
Which of the following ligaments does NOT belong to the extracapsular group?
Which of the following ligaments does NOT belong to the extracapsular group?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for thigh adduction?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for thigh adduction?
What is the role of the fat pad in the hip joint?
What is the role of the fat pad in the hip joint?
Which statement accurately describes the stability of the hip joint?
Which statement accurately describes the stability of the hip joint?
Which ligament reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint?
Which ligament reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint?
What are the components of the foot?
What are the components of the foot?
Which ligaments provide stability to the ankle joint?
Which ligaments provide stability to the ankle joint?
What allows the foot to bear weight?
What allows the foot to bear weight?
What type of joint is the tibiotalar joint?
What type of joint is the tibiotalar joint?
Which structure provides the primary weight-bearing surface in the ankle joint?
Which structure provides the primary weight-bearing surface in the ankle joint?
Which of the following is NOT a major ligament stabilizing the knee joint?
Which of the following is NOT a major ligament stabilizing the knee joint?
What are the three arches of the foot?
What are the three arches of the foot?
Flashcards
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
A ligament that runs from the neck to the sacrum, supporting the spine.
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
A ligament running from the neck to the sacrum, providing rearward support to the spine.
Ligamentum flavum
Ligamentum flavum
A short ligament connecting adjacent vertebrae.
Intervertebral joints
Intervertebral joints
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Intervertebral discs
Intervertebral discs
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Anulus fibrosis
Anulus fibrosis
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Nucleus pulposus
Nucleus pulposus
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Thoracic cage
Thoracic cage
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True ribs
True ribs
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False ribs
False ribs
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Floating ribs
Floating ribs
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Pectoral girdle
Pectoral girdle
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Acetabulum
Acetabulum
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Femur
Femur
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Femoral head
Femoral head
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Femoral neck
Femoral neck
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Hip joint
Hip joint
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Patella
Patella
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Tibia
Tibia
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Fibula
Fibula
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Knee joint
Knee joint
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Knee stabilization
Knee stabilization
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Talus
Talus
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Foot arches
Foot arches
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Ankle joint
Ankle joint
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Study Notes
Ligaments and Vertebral Column
- Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run from the neck to the sacrum, providing structural support.
- Ligamentum flavum connects adjacent vertebrae with short ligaments, linking each vertebra to those above and below.
- Intervertebral joints allow limited motions, contributing to the spine's flexibility overall.
Intervertebral Discs
- Composed of a fibrocartilage structure, resembling an inflated tire.
- Anulus fibrosis is the outer ring formed by concentric collagen sheets.
- Nucleus pulposus is a highly viscous gel at the center, providing resiliency and shock absorption.
Thoracic Cage
- Formed by thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs, protecting vital thoracic organs.
- Supports the shoulder girdle and upper limbs, with multiple muscle attachment sites.
- Contains 12 pairs of ribs: true ribs (1-7) attach directly to the sternum, while false ribs (8-12), including floating ribs (11-12), connect indirectly or not at all.
Appendicular Skeleton
- Pectoral girdle consists of clavicle and scapula, connecting the arms to the axial skeleton and serving as muscle attachment points.
Acetabulum
- Internal diameter averages about 5 cm; center-edge angle ranges from 35° to 40°, influencing dislocation risk.
- Acetabular anteversion angle averages 20°; angles greater than 20° increase the risk of anterior dislocation.
Bones of the Lower Limb
- Pelvic girdle and lower limbs support body weight transfer to the ground.
- Lower limb segments include thigh (femur), shank (tibia and fibula), and foot (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges).
Femur
- Largest, strongest bone in the body; articulates with the acetabulum and tibia at the knee.
- The femoral head features a convex shape with thick articular cartilage centrally and thinner cartilage peripherally.
- The femoral neck angles at about 125°; variations (coxa vara or coxa valga) affect hip joint function.
Hip Joint
- A multiaxial synovial ball-and-socket joint with significant motion between the femur and hip bone.
- Reinforced by five ligaments; features a fat pad for shock absorption and an acetabular labrum for increased depth.
Muscles Associated with the Hip Joint
- Anterior: iliopsoas group for hip flexion.
- Medial: adductor muscles for thigh adduction.
- Posterior: gluteus maximus and hamstrings for hip extension.
Patella
- A sesamoid bone at the knee joint, protecting it and reinforcing the quadriceps tendon.
- Increases the lever arm for knee extension and has two concave facets for femur articulation.
Shank
- The tibia is the medial bone, transferring weight from the femur to the foot.
- The fibula runs parallel, provides muscle attachment, and does not contribute to knee weight transfer.
Knee Joint
- The largest and most complex joint, comprising the femoropatellar joint and lateral/medial tibiofemoral joints.
- Contains medial and lateral menisci that cushion and conform to changing bone positions.
Knee Stabilization
- Stabilized by seven major ligaments, including tibial and fibular collateral ligaments, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and patellar ligament.
Foot Structure
- Supports body weight and acts as a lever for propulsion; includes tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
- Talus transfers weight from the tibia to the calcaneus.
Foot Arches
- Maintained by interlocking bones, ligaments, and tendons, allowing weight support.
- Three main arches: lateral longitudinal, medial longitudinal, and transverse.
Ankle Joint
- The tibiotalar joint is a hinge joint enabling dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.
- Stability arises from the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints.
Ankle Joint Capsule
- The articular capsule covers the tibia, fibula, and talus, featuring thin anterior and posterior portions and strong lateral/medial surfaces supported by ligaments.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the key ligaments of the spine, including the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and the ligamentum flavum. It also explores the function of intervertebral joints and their contribution to spinal flexibility. Test your knowledge on these essential structures.
