Lifespan Development Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior throughout the entire lifespan?

  • Human development
  • Behavioral development
  • Lifespan development (correct)
  • Cognitive development

Which of the following is NOT a topical area in lifespan development?

  • Personality & Social development
  • Physiological development
  • Economic development (correct)
  • Cognitive development

What does physical development in the context of lifespan development primarily involve?

  • The development of social skills and relationships.
  • The growth and change in learning and problem-solving abilities.
  • The changes in the body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, and senses. (correct)
  • The formation and development of personality traits.

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of lifespan development?

<p>It considers development as a lifelong process, from birth to death. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do developmental psychologists approach their study?

<p>They use scientific methods to test their assumptions and develop theories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cognitive development?

<p>The growth and change in learning, memory, problem-solving, and intelligence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis of personality & social development?

<p>The ways that enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The understanding of human development is important for a range of professionals. Which of the following professions would NOT benefit from an understanding of human development?

<p>Accountants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a critical period?

<p>A time when environmental influences are most impactful, with irreversible consequences if absent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sensitive period?

<p>A period when organisms are susceptible to environmental influences, but the absence of those influences doesn't always lead to permanent effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major theoretical perspective used in lifespan development?

<p>Sociocultural (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The idea that our genes determine our behavior and personality is associated with which perspective?

<p>Nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'nurture' perspective suggests that our behavior is primarily shaped by:

<p>Environmental influences, upbringing, and life experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical perspective focuses on how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences?

<p>Psychodynamic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective examines how learning through observation and reinforcement shapes our behavior?

<p>Behavioral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective explores how our mental processes, such as memory, problem-solving, and language development, influence our behavior?

<p>Cognitive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective emphasizes personal growth, free will, and the individual's potential for self-actualization?

<p>Humanistic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective examines how our behavior and development are shaped by our interactions with the environment, including social and cultural contexts?

<p>Contextual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory?

<p>Social Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud's theory, which aspect of personality is responsible for moral reasoning and guilt?

<p>Superego (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages in Erikson's psychosocial theory encompasses the development of trust in caregivers?

<p>Trust vs. Mistrust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

<p>Social interactions and identity development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson's theory, what is the central crisis that individuals face during adolescence?

<p>Identity vs. Role Diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

<p>Crises are always fully resolved by the individual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a situation where an individual gets stuck in a particular stage of Freud's psychosexual development?

<p>Fixation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development is characterized by a focus on pleasure derived from the genitals?

<p>Phallic Stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Erikson's psychosocial theory?

<p>All of the above are true (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the psychodynamic perspective, what motivates human behavior?

<p>Internal drives, memories, and conflicts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT supported by current research regarding the psychodynamic perspective?

<p>Freud's theory generalizes to multiple populations. (A), Progress through stages determines adult personalities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key idea of the behavioral perspective?

<p>Development is largely shaped by observable behavior and environmental stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key type of learning according to the behavioral perspective?

<p>Cognitive Development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a behavior is not reinforced or punished, according to the behavioral perspective?

<p>The behavior will be extinguished. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following perspectives on cognitive development focuses on how individuals take in, use, and store information?

<p>Information-Processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main assumption of the Information-Processing approach in cognitive development?

<p>Complex behaviors can be broken down into manageable steps. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with developing the theory of Classical Conditioning?

<p>John B. Watson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cognitive Neuroscience approach to cognitive development, what is the key to understanding cognitive development?

<p>Analyzing the brain's structure and function during cognitive tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which learning theory emphasizes the role of observation and imitation in learning?

<p>Social-Cognitive Learning Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cognitive perspective primarily focuses on which aspect of development?

<p>The processes of knowing, understanding, and thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective suggests that a child's understanding of 'birds' can be represented as a schema involving wings, feathers, and flight?

<p>Cognitive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the Information-Processing approach to cognitive development?

<p>It lacks empirical support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the famous psychologist associated with Cognitive Developmental Theories?

<p>Jean Piaget (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is a limitation of the psychodynamic perspective?

<p>It is difficult to make precise predictions about future behavior using this perspective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective emphasizes the idea that individuals have the capacity to make choices and control their behavior?

<p>Humanistic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a criticism of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

<p>It focuses more on men's development than women's. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following perspectives does NOT have a strong foundation for explaining lifespan development?

<p>Humanistic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Development

Refers to change over time throughout life.

Lifespan Development

Field of study examining growth patterns, change, and stability throughout life.

Universal Principles of Development

General rules that apply to all individuals during development.

Cultural Differences in Development

Variations in developmental stages influenced by culture, race, and ethnicity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Individual Traits in Development

Unique characteristics that influence a person's growth and behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Development

Involves the body’s physical makeup and needs influencing behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Development

Changes in learning, memory, problem-solving, and intelligence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality & Social Development

Enduring traits change over lifespan while social relationships grow and change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Critical period

A specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sensitive period

A point in development when organisms are especially receptive to stimuli, but absence does not always lead to permanent effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nature

The concept that genetics determine behavior, personality traits, and abilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nurture

The idea that environment and experiences shape behavior and personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Theoretical perspectives

Frameworks providing explanations and predictions concerning development phenomena.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychodynamic perspective

A theoretical view focused on inner drives and unconscious motivations that influence behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavioral perspective

A viewpoint that emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behavior through conditioning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive perspective

Focuses on mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Humanistic perspective

An approach emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolutionary perspective

Viewpoint that explains behavior through the lens of evolution and natural selection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Schemas

Mental structures that organize knowledge and understanding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assimilation

Incorporating new information into existing schemas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accommodation

Changing existing schemas to fit new information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information-Processing Approach

Focuses on how individuals take in, use, and store information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Neuroscience

Studies brain processes related to cognitive development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-actualization

The primary goal of life according to Maslow; reaching one's potential.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

Unconscious forces shape personality and behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Id

The part of personality that operates on the pleasure principle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ego

The part of personality that mediates between id and reality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Superego

The part of personality that represents conscience and moral standards.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychosexual Development

Stages of development where pleasure focuses on specific body parts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fixation

A condition where an individual's development is halted due to unresolved childhood issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Focuses on social influences and crises at various life stages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first psychosocial conflict, where infants learn to trust caregivers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Identity vs. Role Diffusion

Psychosocial conflict during adolescence focused on developing a personal identity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Despair (Late Adulthood)

A feeling of hopelessness common in late adulthood when reflecting on life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erikson's Lifelong Development

The idea that personality continues to develop throughout life stages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Classical Conditioning

Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response after being paired with a stimulus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Operant Conditioning

Learning occurs through reinforcement (strengthening) or punishment (weakening) of behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Extinction (Behaviorism)

The process where a behavior decreases when it is no longer reinforced or punished.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social-Cognitive Learning Theory

Learning occurs by observing and imitating the behavior of others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Theory that suggests children move through fixed stages of cognitive growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Lifespan Development

  • Lifespan development refers to changes over time, from birth to death.
  • It's a lifelong process.
  • Lifespan development examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior throughout life.

Topical Areas in Lifespan Development

  • Physical Development: Focuses on the body's physical makeup (brain, nervous system, muscles, senses) and the need for basic necessities (food, drink, sleep).
  • Cognitive Development: Explores how learning, memory, problem-solving, and intelligence influence behavior.
  • Personality & Social Development: Examines how enduring characteristics differentiate individuals and how social interactions shape relationships throughout life.

Typical Age Ranges

  • Prenatal (conception to birth)
  • Infancy and toddlerhood (birth to age 3)
  • Preschool (ages 3 to 6)
  • Middle childhood (ages 6 to 12)
  • Adolescence (ages 12 to 20)
  • Young adulthood (ages 20 to 40)
  • Middle adulthood (ages 40 to 60)
  • Late adulthood (age 60 to death)
  • These periods are social constructions, culturally defined, and sometimes arbitrary, with individual differences in timing.

Developing with Others in a Social Context

  • Cohort: A group of people born around the same time and place.
  • Cohorts are influenced by:
    • History-graded influences: Events impacting an entire cohort.
    • Age-graded influences: Events tied to specific ages.
    • Sociocultural-graded influences: Events related to society & culture.
    • Non-normative life events: Personal experiences, unexpected or unusual events.

Key Issues and Questions of Developmental Psychology

  • There are four main issues. Three are covered:
    • Continuous vs. Discontinuous Change: Gradual changes versus distinct stages.
    • Critical/Sensitive Periods: Critical periods are specific times with significant consequences, while sensitive periods make an organism more susceptible but less permanent.
    • Nature vs. Nurture: The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in development.

Theoretical Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

  • Theories explain and predict phenomena, providing frameworks for understanding relationships between concepts.
  • There are six major theoretical perspectives:
  1. Psychodynamic
  2. Behavioral
  3. Cognitive
  4. Humanistic
  5. Contextual
  6. Evolutionary

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Psychology Lifespan Development Quiz
15 questions
Introduction to Psychology - Human Development
16 questions
Lifespan Development Overview
7 questions

Lifespan Development Overview

LushOklahomaCity8729 avatar
LushOklahomaCity8729
Lifespan Development Overview
26 questions

Lifespan Development Overview

LushOklahomaCity8729 avatar
LushOklahomaCity8729
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser