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Questions and Answers
Which pigment is primarily responsible for the absorption of radiant energy during photosynthesis?
Which pigment is primarily responsible for the absorption of radiant energy during photosynthesis?
What is the expected color change of diluted iodine solution when starch is present?
What is the expected color change of diluted iodine solution when starch is present?
Which genetic material is found in the mitochondrial matrix?
Which genetic material is found in the mitochondrial matrix?
What is the primary cause of obesity as described in the passage?
What is the primary cause of obesity as described in the passage?
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What percentage of overweight and obesity prevalence was observed in black South African women?
What percentage of overweight and obesity prevalence was observed in black South African women?
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What gas is essential for the Krebs cycle to occur?
What gas is essential for the Krebs cycle to occur?
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Which substance can be absorbed by blood without further digestion?
Which substance can be absorbed by blood without further digestion?
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What is the structure that facilitates the increased surface area for reactions within the inner membrane of mitochondria?
What is the structure that facilitates the increased surface area for reactions within the inner membrane of mitochondria?
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Which health risk associated with obesity has the potential to cause stroke?
Which health risk associated with obesity has the potential to cause stroke?
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Which of the following best describes fecundity?
Which of the following best describes fecundity?
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Which stage of aerobic respiration is primarily responsible for the release of carbon dioxide?
Which stage of aerobic respiration is primarily responsible for the release of carbon dioxide?
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In the survey sample, which demographic had the lowest prevalence of obesity among South African men?
In the survey sample, which demographic had the lowest prevalence of obesity among South African men?
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What is the total number of individuals sampled in the obesity study described?
What is the total number of individuals sampled in the obesity study described?
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Which molecule is primarily responsible for storing energy in cells?
Which molecule is primarily responsible for storing energy in cells?
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Resource partitioning in an ecosystem primarily helps to reduce what?
Resource partitioning in an ecosystem primarily helps to reduce what?
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In what age range were the South African women studied for obesity prevalence?
In what age range were the South African women studied for obesity prevalence?
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What is the main product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
What is the main product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
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What is a characteristic feature of developing countries such as Ethiopia and Mexico?
What is a characteristic feature of developing countries such as Ethiopia and Mexico?
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Which of the following statements about the survival curves of baboons is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the survival curves of baboons is accurate?
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Which group had the highest prevalence of obesity among South African men?
Which group had the highest prevalence of obesity among South African men?
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What misconception about obesity does the passage clarify?
What misconception about obesity does the passage clarify?
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Which of the following best defines ecological niches?
Which of the following best defines ecological niches?
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Which of the following factors is least likely to influence the high birth rates in developing countries?
Which of the following factors is least likely to influence the high birth rates in developing countries?
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What impact does resource partitioning generally have on biodiversity?
What impact does resource partitioning generally have on biodiversity?
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Which factor primarily serves as both food and habitat for the species in the investigation?
Which factor primarily serves as both food and habitat for the species in the investigation?
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What is the temperature condition for Bottle 3 during the investigation?
What is the temperature condition for Bottle 3 during the investigation?
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What can be concluded about T. confusum in Bottle 6?
What can be concluded about T. confusum in Bottle 6?
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Which population was least affected by low humidity in this investigation?
Which population was least affected by low humidity in this investigation?
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If the investigators had manipulated the temperature further, what type of competition might increase?
If the investigators had manipulated the temperature further, what type of competition might increase?
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What was the relative humidity condition in Bottle 5 during the study?
What was the relative humidity condition in Bottle 5 during the study?
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What does the survival rate in Bottle 1 suggest about T. castaneum's tolerance?
What does the survival rate in Bottle 1 suggest about T. castaneum's tolerance?
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What type of niche interaction is likely observed between T. castaneum and T. confusum based on the findings?
What type of niche interaction is likely observed between T. castaneum and T. confusum based on the findings?
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What effect does increasing light intensity typically have on the mean mass of lettuce plants?
What effect does increasing light intensity typically have on the mean mass of lettuce plants?
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Which two limiting factors affect photosynthesis when light intensity is increased?
Which two limiting factors affect photosynthesis when light intensity is increased?
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What is a common method for scientists to reach maximum levels of photosynthesis in plants?
What is a common method for scientists to reach maximum levels of photosynthesis in plants?
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If the temperature exceeds 35 °C, what is likely to happen to the rate of photosynthesis?
If the temperature exceeds 35 °C, what is likely to happen to the rate of photosynthesis?
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Which part of the human digestive system primarily secretes digestive juices without enzymes?
Which part of the human digestive system primarily secretes digestive juices without enzymes?
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In the malpighian corpuscle, what physiological process primarily occurs?
In the malpighian corpuscle, what physiological process primarily occurs?
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What effect does the difference in diameter between parts A and B of the malpighian corpuscle have on its function?
What effect does the difference in diameter between parts A and B of the malpighian corpuscle have on its function?
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Which specialized cells are found in part D of the malpighian corpuscle?
Which specialized cells are found in part D of the malpighian corpuscle?
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Study Notes
Life Science Exam
- Absorption of Substances: Glucose can be absorbed by the blood without further digestion
- Survival Curves: The survival curve for a troop of baboons would likely show a pyramid shape, reflecting a higher number of young individuals and decreasing numbers as age increases.
- Fecundity: Fecundity refers to the average number of children born in one generation per female of childbearing age.
- Resource Partitioning: Resource partitioning in an ecosystem helps reduce competition between closely related species by minimizing overlap in their ecological niches.
- Developing Countries: Developing countries are characterized by high birth rates, low life expectancy, and high infant mortality rates.
- Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for absorbing radiant energy during photosynthesis.
- Iodine Solution: Diluted iodine solution turns blue-black in the presence of starch, confirming its presence in a leaf.
- Mitochondrial DNA: The genetic material found in the mitochondrial matrix is DNA.
- Kreb's Cycle: The gas essential for the Kreb's cycle is oxygen (O2).
- Mitochondrial Cristae: Folded structures found on the inner membrane of a mitochondrion are called cristae.
- Aerobic Respiration: The stage of aerobic respiration that releases carbon dioxide is the Kreb's cycle.
- ATP & ADP: ATP is a molecule that stores energy. ADP is a molecule that releases energy.
- Glycogen: Glycogen is the fuel required for cellular respiration.
- Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast: The products of anaerobic respiration in yeast are alcohol and carbon dioxide.
- Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
- Chlorophyll Storage: Grana store chlorophyll. Lamella connect grana.
- Stomach Acid: The acid secreted in the stomach during digestion is hydrochloric acid (HCl).
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Kidney Structure:
- A - Renal Artery
- B - Renal Vein
- C - Renal Pelvis
- Urine Obstruction: The renal pelvis (C) becomes a site of obstruction to the flow of urine when a renal stone is dislodged.
- Blood Vessel with Highest Waste Products: The renal vein (B) carries blood with the highest percentage of waste products.
- Lowest Blood Pressure: The renal vein (B) has the lowest blood pressure.
- Obesity Causes: Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to excess energy storage in fat cells.
- Obesity Survey: The total number of people sampled in the survey was 13,127 (7,726 women + 5,401 men).
- Obesity Prevalence Differences: Differences in obesity prevalence between men and women could be attributed to various factors like hormonal differences, dietary patterns, and physical activity levels.
- Stroke Risk from Obesity: One health risk associated with obesity is hypertension (high blood pressure), which can lead to stroke.
- Population Pyramid Data: The data required to plot a population pyramid comes from census information.
- Increasing Population: Population pyramid B shows an increasing population because it has a wider base, indicating a higher proportion of younger individuals.
- Population Growth Trend in Graph A: Graph A shows a stable or slightly declining population because it has a relatively equal distribution of age groups.
- Population Trend in Graph A: Graph A represents a stable population, as the base and top of the pyramid are relatively similar in width.
- Community: A community is a group of interacting populations of different species in a particular area.
- Ecological Niche: An ecological niche refers to the role and position of a species within its ecosystem, including its habitat, food sources, and interactions with other organisms.
- Temperature Tolerance: T. confusum is more tolerant to low temperature and low humidity as it survives better in bottles 2, 4, and 6 (low humidity conditions and lower temperature).
- Density Dependence: The factors being investigated (temperature and humidity) are density-independent factors, as they influence populations regardless of population density.
- Competition Type: The investigation suggests interspecific competition (competition between different species), as the survival of one species is negatively impacted by the presence of the other species in most bottles.
- Light Intensity and Photosynthesis: Light intensity has a positive effect on the mean mass of lettuce plants.
- Limiting Photosynthesis Factors: The two limiting factors that influence photosynthesis as light intensity increases are carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and temperature.
- Maximizing Photosynthesis: To maximize the rate of photosynthesis, scientists could increase the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and maintain an optimal temperature.
- High Temperature Effect: If the temperature is raised beyond 35°C, the rate of photosynthesis would decrease because the enzymes involved in the process would start to denature at higher temperatures, becoming less effective.
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Human Digestive System:
- A – Oesophagus
- B – Pancreas
- D – Duodenum
- Enzyme-less Digestive Juice: The pancreas (B) secretes digestive juice containing no enzymes.
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Duodenal Digestive Juice Functions: The digestive juice released from the duodenum (D) has four functions:
- Neutralizes acidic chime from the stomach
- Contains digestive enzymes for breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
- Emulsifies fats
- Provides a suitable environment for enzymatic activity
- Malfunctioning Pancreas: Malfunctioning of the pancreas (B) can lead to diabetes.
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Pancreatic Homeostasis: When blood sugar levels rise, the pancreas (B) secretes insulin which:
- Facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells
- Promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles
- Inhibits the breakdown of stored glycogen
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Malpighian Corpuscle:
- A – Afferent arteriole
- B – Efferent arteriole
- C – Bowman's capsule
- Process in Malpighian Corpuscle: Ultrafiltration takes place in the Malpighian corpuscle.
- Diameter Difference: The difference in diameter between the afferent arteriole (A) and the efferent arteriole (B) creates a high-pressure difference, forcing fluids and small molecules from the blood into the Bowman's capsule. This is how ultrafiltration occurs.
- Specialized Cells: The specialized cells found at D are podocytes.
- Podocyte Structure: Podocytes have foot-like processes that wrap around the capillaries in the glomerulus, forming filtration slits that regulate the passage of substances during ultrafiltration.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in life sciences including absorption of substances, survival curves, and fecundity. It also explores important ecological principles such as resource partitioning and the characteristics of developing countries. Test your knowledge on topics like chlorophyll and iodine solutions.
