Life Processes in Biology
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Life Processes in Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is essential for the maintenance processes that prevent damage and breakdown in organisms?

  • Water
  • Air
  • Energy from food (correct)
  • Minerals from the soil

    • Which process is responsible for transferring energy from outside an organism's body to the inside?

  • Respiration
  • Nutrition (correct)
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion

    • Why do larger, multi-cellular organisms require more complex systems for nutrition and gas exchange?

  • They consume less food than smaller organisms.
  • Most cells may not directly contact their environment. (correct)
  • All cells are in contact with the environment.
  • Single-celled organisms are not efficient.

    • What type of reactions are primarily responsible for breaking down food sources in organisms?

    <p>Oxidising-reducing reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does oxygen play in the biological processes of organisms?

    <p>It is used in respiration for breaking down food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the body size of an organism increases?

    <p>It may gain a higher reliance on specialized organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In single-celled organisms, what is the primary advantage regarding nutrient absorption?

    <p>They can absorb nutrients through their entire surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen to energy sources from the environment before they can be used by an organism?

    <p>They require chemical changes or transformations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are autotrophs primarily known for?

    <p>Utilizing inorganic sources for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do autotrophic organisms use to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for photosynthesis to occur in autotrophs?

    <p>Chlorophyll and light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do heterotrophs obtain their energy?

    <p>By consuming autotrophs or other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do enzymes play in the nutrition of heterotrophic organisms?

    <p>They aid in the breakdown of complex substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to carbohydrates that are not used immediately by plants?

    <p>They are stored in the form of starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>It absorbs light energy for the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step of photosynthesis?

    <p>Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plants?

    <p>To conduct photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step must occur first for photosynthesis to take place?

    <p>Absorption of light by chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to desert plants regarding carbon dioxide?

    <p>They absorb it only at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the activity with variegated leaves significant?

    <p>It demonstrates the necessity of chlorophyll for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immersing the boiled leaf in alcohol during the experiment?

    <p>To extract chlorophyll from the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of energy absorbed by chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To drive the synthesis of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used to demonstrate the necessity for chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Using variegated leaves to show differences in starch accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the starch in a plant kept in a dark room before conducting the chlorophyll experiment?

    <p>It gets used up by the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do stomata play in plant physiology?

    <p>They facilitate gaseous exchange during photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the guard cells shrinking?

    <p>The stomatal pore closes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using potassium hydroxide in the experiment described?

    <p>To absorb carbon dioxide from the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of starch in the leaf correlate with its color after iodine treatment?

    <p>Starch presence makes the leaf turn blue-black.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a plant close its stomata?

    <p>To conserve water when carbon dioxide is not needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the leaf when dipped in iodine after being exposed to light?

    <p>It turns blue-black if starch is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What likely happens to a plant's gas exchange in a dark room?

    <p>Decreased gas exchange due to lack of photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about chlorophyll is correct in the context of photosynthesis?

    <p>It is essential for absorbing light energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile juice in the small intestine?

    <p>To emulsify fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do herbivores have a longer small intestine compared to carnivores?

    <p>Herbivores ferment cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for the digestion of proteins?

    <p>Trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs to food as it exits the stomach and enters the small intestine?

    <p>It becomes alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do bile salts play in fat digestion?

    <p>They emulsify fats into smaller globules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a function of the small intestine?

    <p>Completes digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pancreatic enzymes function after food enters the small intestine?

    <p>They require an alkaline environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons for the coiling of the small intestine?

    <p>To fit into a compact space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Life Processes

    • Living organisms require energy for various processes, such as growth, movement, and repair.
    • This energy comes from food, which is obtained from the environment.
    • The process of obtaining and breaking down food is called nutrition.
    • Depending on the type of food source, organisms use distinct nutritional processes.
    • Autotrophs can synthesize their own food from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide and water.
    • Ex: Green plants & certain bacteria.
    • Heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their energy requirements.
    • Ex: Animals and fungi.
    • Photosynthesis is the process used by autotrophs to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates.
    • The key components of photosynthesis are chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
    • Chlorophyll is a green pigment present in chloroplasts, which are organelles found in plant cells.
    • Sunlight provides the energy for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates.
    • Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere through tiny pores called stomata present on leaves.
    • Water is absorbed from the soil through roots.
    • Carnivores have a shorter small intestine compared to herbivores.
    • Herbivores have a longer small intestine to digest cellulose.
    • Bile juice from the liver emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller globules that can be acted upon by enzymes.
    • The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing enzymes like trypsin (for protein digestion) and lipase (for fat digestion).

    Respiration

    • Respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to release energy, which is used for various life processes.
    • Oxygen is typically used in this process, although some organisms use other substances.
    • The energy released during the breakdown of food molecules is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
    • ATP is the primary energy currency for living organisms.

    Human Digestive System

    • The human digestive system is a complex system that breaks down food into smaller molecules which can be absorbed and used by the body..
    • It is composed of several organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.
    • Mouth: Where food enters the digestive system and initial breakdown occurs through chewing and saliva.
    • Esophagus: A muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
    • Stomach: An organ that churns food, mixes it with gastric juices, and begins the digestion of proteins.
    • Small intestine: Site of the majority of nutrient absorption.
    • Large intestine: Absorbs water and forms wastes.
    • Rectum: Stores waste until it is eliminated from the body.
    • Liver: Produces bile, which helps to emulsify fats.
    • Pancreas: Produces pancreatic juices that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
    • Digestive enzymes: These catalysts help break down complex food molecules into smaller, simpler ones that can be absorbed by the body.
    • The digestive system is tightly regulated by hormones like gastrin and secretin, which coordinate digestion and ensure the appropriate release of enzymes and other digestive fluids.

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    Life Processes PDF

    Description

    Explore the vital processes that sustain life in organisms, focusing on nutrition and energy acquisition. Learn about autotrophs and heterotrophs, as well as the significance of photosynthesis in converting light energy into chemical energy. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological concepts.

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