Life, Physical, and Earth Science Overview

Cells: Basic unit of life; can be prokaryotic (no nucleus) or eukaryotic (with nucleus).
Ecosystems: Community of living organisms and their environment; includes producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Habitat: Natural home of an organism; includes terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial habitats.

Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space; exists in three states: solid, liquid, gas.
Energy: The ability to do work; forms include kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical energy.
Forces: Push or pull on an object; types include gravity, friction, and tension.

Weather: Atmosphere conditions at a specific time; includes temperature, humidity, and precipitation.
Climate: Long-term average of weather in a region; affected by latitude, elevation, and proximity to water.
Natural Resources: Materials found in nature that are used by humans; includes renewable (solar, wind) and non-renewable (coal, oil).

Observation: Gathering information through senses.
Hypothesis: A testable prediction based on observations.
Experiment: Procedure to test the hypothesis; includes variables (independent, dependent, controlled).
Conclusion: Analysis of data to support or refute the hypothesis; may lead to new questions.

Microscope: Tool used to see small objects; essential in biology for studying cells.
Thermometer: Measures temperature; used in experiments and weather forecasting.
Balance: Measures mass; important for accurate measurements in experiments.

Lab Safety: Always wear goggles and gloves; know emergency procedures.
Proper Disposal: Dispose of materials and chemicals according to guidelines.
Chemical Safety: Understand the properties and hazards of substances used in experiments.

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of life; categorized as prokaryotic (lack a nucleus) or eukaryotic (contain a nucleus).
Ecosystems consist of interacting living organisms and their physical environment, encompassing producers (plants), consumers (animals), and decomposers (fungi, bacteria).
A habitat serves as the natural environment for an organism, which can be classified into terrestrial (land), aquatic (water), and aerial (air) habitats.

Matter is defined as anything that possesses mass and takes up space, existing in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas.
Energy is characterized as the capacity to perform work; it manifests in various forms, including kinetic (motion), potential (stored energy), thermal (heat), and chemical (stored in bonds).
Forces refer to the push or pull exerted on an object, with common types including gravity (attraction towards Earth), friction (resistance between surfaces), and tension (force transmitted through a string or rope).

Weather describes the atmospheric conditions at a specific time, encompassing elements like temperature, humidity, and precipitation (rain, snow).
Climate represents the long-term average of weather patterns in a specific area, influenced by factors such as latitude (distance from the equator), elevation (height above sea level), and proximity to bodies of water.
Natural resources include materials provided by nature that are exploitable by humans; they can be renewable (e.g., solar, wind energy) or non-renewable (e.g., fossil fuels like coal and oil).

Observation involves systematically collecting information using the five senses to form the basis for scientific inquiry.
A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction derived from observations, providing a focal point for investigation.
An experiment is a structured procedure designed to evaluate the hypothesis, incorporating variables: independent (manipulated), dependent (measured), and controlled (constant).
Conclusions are drawn from data analysis, determining whether the hypothesis is supported or rejected, which may also lead to further inquiry or new questions.

A microscope is an essential tool for biology, designed for magnifying small objects and aiding in the examination of cellular structures.
A thermometer measures temperature, a critical tool for numerous scientific experiments and for monitoring weather changes.
A balance is utilized to determine mass accurately, essential for quantitative measurements in scientific research.

Lab safety protocols dictate wearing appropriate protective gear, such as goggles and gloves, and being aware of emergency response procedures.
Proper disposal methods for materials and chemicals must be adhered to, following specific guidelines to prevent contamination and hazards.
Chemical safety requires understanding the properties, potential hazards, and safe handling practices of substances utilized in experimental setups.