Questions and Answers
Buffalo were the primary source of food for all Native American groups living on the Plains.
True
Pemmican is made solely from cooked buffalo meat.
False
The Plains people used almost every part of the buffalo for various purposes.
True
Buffalo hunting involved scaring the herd over a cliff to kill them.
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Buffalo meat could only be eaten when cooked.
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The hair from buffalo was not utilized by the Plains people.
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Plains people made tools from buffalo bones and horns.
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Buffalo gave Plains groups everything they needed for clothing and shelter.
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The Central Plains people primarily lived in rectangular houses.
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Each lodge usually held 20 to 40 people.
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The lodges of the Central Plains were built with wooden frames covered in glass.
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The Iowa and the Missouri were groups that lived in the Central Plains.
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The Plains people relied solely on hunting for their sustenance.
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Central Plains tribes would participate in buffalo hunts approximately once a year.
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Sod was used to cover lodges by some tribes in the eastern part of the Plains.
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The Nakota were a larger group within the Central Plains tribes.
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The Great Plains people relied solely on farming for their sustenance.
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Tepee poles were difficult to transport because they were made from heavy metals.
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The Central Plains Indians grew sunflowers, corn, and beans.
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Wood was easily available for the Great Plains people.
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The Great Plains people constructed fixed homes that were not portable.
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Hunting was not part of the lifestyle of the Great Plains people.
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Buffalo skins were used to cover tepees.
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The environment of the Great Plains was utilized for both clothing and food.
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The Cheyenne groups celebrated events by following the council's decisions.
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The calendar robe was used by Plains people to record only the end of buffalo hunts.
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The Sioux held a ceremony called the Sun Dance to honor the sun.
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The Makah people primarily hunted whales on land using traps.
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Salmon was a staple food for most groups living in the Northwest Coast.
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Whales provided only meat for the Native American groups of the Northwest Coast.
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Tall and thick forests grew in the Northwest Coast due to heavy rains.
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The Kwakiutl captured whales at sea using large ships.
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The Makah relied on farming as their primary resource.
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Totem poles carved by the people of the Northwest Coast are meant to tell a story or welcome visitors.
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Chinook were known as the best traders among the Northwest Coast Indians.
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The walls and floors of the Makah longhouses were made of grass.
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All members of a clan lived separately in individual homes.
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The Dalles is located 200 miles downstream from the mouth of the Columbia River.
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Makah longhouses were similar in structure to those of the Iroquois but larger.
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The Northwest Coast Native American groups primarily used stone for tools and utensils.
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Study Notes
Life on the Plains
- The Plains people lived between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, relying heavily on buffalo as their main food source after water.
- Buffalo meat could be consumed raw, cooked, or processed into pemmican, which is a preserved mixture of meat, fat, and berries.
- Nearly every part of the buffalo was utilized, providing resources for clothing, tools, utensils, and shelter; skins were made into clothing and moccasins while bones were fashioned into tools.
Hunting the Buffalo
- Hunters used stealth and tactics to approach buffalo herds, often driving the animals toward cliffs to kill them.
- The buffalo's body parts were transformed into various useful items, ensuring no part went to waste, including making glue from hooves and water bags from stomachs.
Central Plains Society
- Groups in the Central Plains, such as the Iowa and Missouri, were both farmers and hunters, cultivating crops like beans, corn, and sunflowers in fertile river valleys.
- They participated in large buffalo hunts twice a year, traveling from their river valley villages to the plains where buffalo roamed.
Great Plains Life
- The Great Plains cultures utilized their environment for sustenance, employing tepees—cone-shaped tents made of wooden poles covered with buffalo skins—as mobile shelters.
- Cultural practices included the recording of events on calendar robes, showcasing the significance of hunting in Plains society.
Northwestern Coastal Society
- The Northwest Coast featured lush forests and abundant resources due to heavy rains; salmon and whales were vital staples of diet.
- Native American groups such as the Kwakiutl and Makah depended on the ocean's resources, with distinct hunting techniques: Kwakiutl typically captured stranded whales, while Makah pursued them at sea.
Resources and Trade in the Northwest Coast
- Wood was a crucial resource, used to create various household items, tools, and totem poles that told stories and marked clan identities.
- Trade was integral to the economy, with groups like the Chinook being prominent traders along the Columbia River, contributing to the exchange of goods across the region.
Family Structures
- Makah longhouses accommodated extended family units, reflecting clan structures where various family members lived and made decisions collectively.
- Clans played a role in teaching and preserving cultural knowledge, such as storytelling and woodcarving skills, strengthening community bonds.
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Description
Explore the rich history of Native American groups living on the Interior Plains. This quiz delves into their primary food source, the buffalo, and how they utilized it in their daily lives. Discover the significance of buffalo meat and its preparation methods among these communities.
