Life of Jose Rizal

Study Notes

Full Name: Jose Protacio Realonda Alonzo Mercado y Rizal
Born on June 19, 1861, shortly after midnight, in Calamba, Laguna, his birth marked the beginning of a life dedicated to education, reform, and national identity.
Died on December 30, 1896, at 7:03 AM in Rizal Park, Manila at the age of 35, after being executed by a firing squad, a tragic end that ignited the Philippine revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
His last words were "consumatum est," meaning "it is finished," which reflected the culmination of his life's work and his enduring commitment to his country even in his final moments.
Proficient in 22 languages, including Tagalog, Spanish, French, German, and English, this linguistic ability facilitated his travels and broadened his capacity to communicate the plight of his people to a global audience.

Baptized on June 22, 1861, at Saint John the Baptist Parish Church by Father Rufino Collanes, this ceremony marked his entry into the Catholic faith, which was significant in a predominantly religious society.
His godfather, Father Pedro Casallanes, played an important role in his early life, guiding him through his formative years within the context of the church.
Parents:
- Father: Francisco Mercado y Chinco, born May 11, 1818, was a respected landowner and a passionate educator, known for imparting knowledge in Latin and Philosophy to his children, which laid a strong intellectual foundation for Rizal.
- Mother: Teodora Alonzo Mercado, born November 14, 1827, was not only Rizal's first teacher but also the most educated woman of her time; she influenced his early appreciation for literature and education.

Saturnina Hidalgo (Nene), was the eldest sister, who also participated in Rizal's education and upbringing.
Paciano Mercado (Uto), Rizal's closest sibling and a significant father figure who strongly supported his aspirations and contributed financially to his studies.
Narsisa (Doña Sisa), whose struggles and experiences reflected the hardships faced by many women of the time.
Olympia (Ipia), who shared Rizal's childhood and contributed to the family's support system.
Lucia Herbosa, who tragically succumbed to cholera, highlighting the health crises of that era.
Maria Cruz, whose son Mauriciu Cruz was part of a lineage that was connected to Rizal's legacy.
Jose Rizal, the national hero, who would later become a symbol of hope and inspiration for Filipinos.
Concepcion, who tragically died at 3 years old, her loss deeply affected the family, especially Rizal, who later reflected on death and loss in his writings.
Josefa, who died a virgin from epilepsy, representing the many hardships faced by women in the family.
Trinidad, who also died a virgin and was notably the recipient of Rizal's poem "Ultimo Adios," which was hidden in a lamp for safekeeping, symbolizing the secret pain and sacrifices of the family.
Soledad, who lived through the tumultuous times of the revolution and supported Rizal’s mission.