Life Cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method by which trypomastigotes enter a host during Chagas disease transmission?

  • Direct contact with infected body fluids
  • Through mucosal membranes (correct)
  • Ingestion of contaminated food
  • Inhalation of infectious aerosols

    • Which of the following species is NOT considered a common triatomine vector for Chagas disease?

  • *Panstrongylus*
  • *Cimex* (correct)
  • *Triatoma*
  • *Rhodnius*

    • What is a characteristic feature of the acute phase of Chagas disease?

  • Only presents with gastrointestinal problems
  • Frequently causes death
  • Typically asymptomatic (correct)
  • Always shows severe symptoms

    • What is the primary public health risk associated with body lice?

    <p>They are vectors for specific diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of mammals commonly serves as reservoirs for Chagas disease?

    <p>Armored mammals including armadillos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method through which Cimex lectularius infests humans?

    <p>By obtaining blood meals from warm-blooded hosts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique mating behavior is exhibited by bed bugs?

    <p>Males penetrate the female's abdominal wall during mating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions?

    <p><em>C. hemipterus</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern arising from bed bug bites?

    <p>Inflammation from allergic reactions to saliva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Trypanosoma cruzi enter a host?

    <p>Through the bite wound or mucosal membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Lice

    A parasitic insect that lives on a host and feeds on their blood. There are different types, each with its own area of the body it prefers, such as head, body, or pubic hair.

    Acute Chagas Disease

    The acute stage of Chagas disease, often with mild or no symptoms.

    Triatomine Insect

    A type of blood-sucking insect that carries and transmits the parasite that causes Chagas disease. They are commonly called 'kissing bugs' because they often bite around the lips, but they are not kissing bugs in the conventional sense.

    Trypanosoma cruzi

    A type of protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease.

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    Chronic Chagas Disease

    The stage of Chagas disease that occurs after the initial infection, which can be asymptomatic, but can also lead to heart and digestive problems.

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    Bed bug species

    Two species, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, are responsible for infestations, with humans being the primary host for C. lectularius.

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    Bed bug life cycle

    Bed bugs go through five stages, each requiring a blood meal before molting. Adults live for 6-12 months and can survive without feeding for long periods.

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    Bed bug medical impact

    Although bed bugs can carry pathogens, they aren't primary vectors of disease. The primary medical concern is inflammation from bites due to allergic reactions to saliva.

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    Chagas disease agent

    A parasitic protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, is the causative agent of Chagas disease. Six different lineages exist, each with varying geographic location and pathogenicity.

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    Chagas disease transmission

    The parasite is transmitted through the feces of infected triatomine bugs (kissing bugs). The parasite enters the body through the bite wound or mucous membranes.

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    Study Notes

    Life Cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi

    • An infected triatomine insect vector ("kissing bug") takes a blood meal and releases trypomastigotes in its feces near the site of the bite.
    • Trypomastigotes enter the host through the bite wound or intact mucosal membranes, such as the conjunctiva.
    • Inside the host, the trypomastigotes invade cells near the site of inoculation, where they differentiate into intracellular amastigotes(1).
    • The amastigotes multiply by binary fission(3) and differentiate into trypomastigotes, and then are released into the circulation as bloodstream trypomastigotes(4).
    • Trypomastigotes infect cells from a variety of tissues and transform into intracellular amastigotes in new infection sites.
    • The bloodstream trypomastigotes do not replicate, different from the African trypanosoma.
    • When the parasites enter another host or are ingested by another vector.
    • The kissing bug becomes infected by feeding on a human or animal.
    • The ingested trypomastigotes transform into epimastigotes(5)
    • epimastigotes multiply and differentiate in the midgut(7)
    • trypomastigotes differentiate into the infective metacyclic trypomastigotes(8).

    Chagas Disease

    • Chagas disease has an asymptomatic phase and can present with an acute phase and a chronic phase.
    • The acute phase is usually asymptomatic but can present with nonspecific somatic symptoms.
    • Rarely, the acute phase may be more severe with potential cardiac or neurologic symptoms.
    • Nodular lesions around the vector's feeding site.
    • Chagas as palpable and peri ocular firm swelling, commonly referred to as occurring on the eyelids are common.
    • Most acute cases resolve over a period of a few weeks or months.
    • A subclinical chronic form of the disease.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease. This quiz covers the stages from infection via the kissing bug to the transformation within the host. Test your understanding of the biology and transmission process of this significant pathogen.

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