Life Cycle of the Sun
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Questions and Answers

Which type of property deals directly with changes in composition of a substance?

  • Density
  • Chemical properties (correct)
  • Mass
  • Physical properties

What are salt and water examples of?

  • Plasma
  • Mixtures
  • Elements
  • Compounds (correct)

Which state of matter has low energy, high density, definitive volume, and definite shape?

  • Solid (correct)
  • Plasma
  • Liquid
  • Gas

What is an example of matter existing in mixtures?

<p>Ocean water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property includes reactivity and pH as characteristics?

<p>Chemical properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a particularly destructive chemical property related to metal, like iron?

<p>Corrosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial process that allows a star to start functioning?

<p>Nuclear fusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a star runs out of hydrogen fuel?

<p>It starts fusing helium into carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stars release heat and energy during nuclear fusion?

<p>By emitting gamma rays and neutrinos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the ultimate fate of a star?

<p>Mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of star will our sun, of medium mass, likely become after running out of hydrogen?

<p>White dwarf star (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Hertzsprung Russell diagram in studying stars?

<p>Understanding the star's brightness, color, temperature, and size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a star has many times the mass of the sun, what is it likely to become after a red supergiant phase?

<p>Neutron star or black hole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the moon and sunlight is true?

<p>Sunlight reflects off the moon, making it visible from Earth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bright blue tinted stars after they run out of hydrogen fuel?

<p>They become red supergiants and then explode into supernovae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do gamma rays and neutrinos released in stars have in common?

<p>They can penetrate matter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of our sun's life cycle?

<p>White dwarf (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what stage of a star's life does nuclear fusion of hydrogen begin?

<p>Protostar stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are stars classified by the spectral classification system?

<p>By temperature, color, and luminosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the astronomical unit defined as?

<p>The average orbital distance of Earth from the Sun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the color of light emitted by a star?

<p>Elements in the star (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of star class is classified as the coolest and red in color?

<p>M-class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a high-mass star after it reaches the red supergiant phase?

<p>Undergoes supernova (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a low-mass star after it becomes a red giant?

<p>Forms a planetary nebula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of a star affect its life cycle?

<p>Influences its end stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a solid, according to the text?

<p>Atoms packed closely together vibrating in place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase change involves a rise in temperature causing a substance to change from solid to liquid?

<p>Melting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a liquid when its temperature is lowered enough to become a solid?

<p>Freezing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of change preserves the substance's chemical identity?

<p>Physical change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which celestial structure is characterized as having old stars that rotate in random orbits?

<p>Elliptical galaxies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

<p>Speed up reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Sun is responsible for producing energy through nuclear fusion?

<p>Core (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of spiral galaxies?

<p>'Solar nurseries' where new stars are born (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when water vapor cools down to form droplets?

<p>Condensation occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Sun is the visible surface during a total solar eclipse?

<p>Photosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of matter is a combination of elements to create new matter?

<p>Compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the liquid state of matter?

<p>Moderate energy, moderate density, definite volume, indefinite shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of matter includes pH and reactivity as characteristics?

<p>Chemical properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a particularly destructive chemical property related to metal?

<p>Corrosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has low energy, high density, definitive volume, and definite shape?

<p>Solid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of matter mentioned in the lesson?

<p>Elements and compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of matter has nothing to do with a change in composition of a substance?

<p>Physical properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase transition involves cooling a gas down to change it into a liquid?

<p><strong>Condensation</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase called when a star grows until it engulfs Venus and Mercury, including possibly Earth?

<p>Red giant phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do scientists classify stars based on their temperature, color, and luminosity?

<p>Spectral classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of a protostar in the star formation process?

<p>To accumulate enough material for nuclear fusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the range of classes in spectral classification of stars?

<p>Temperature of the star (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is commonly used to describe distances within the solar system?

<p>Astronomical Units (AUs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage does a star that fails to achieve nuclear fusion end up as a result?

<p>Brown dwarf (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic determines the size classification of stars?

<p>Mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stars are classified by the spectral classification as the coolest, red, and less bright stars?

<p>M-Class stars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of a star's main sequence life cycle?

<p>Hydrogen fuel depletion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a gas?

<p>Atoms are moving apart quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase change involves water vapor cooling down to form droplets?

<p>Condensation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of galaxies have a central disk surrounded by spiraling arms?

<p>Spiral galaxies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Sun is responsible for producing energy through nuclear fusion?

<p>Core (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

<p>Speeding up reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a total solar eclipse that allows the corona to be visible?

<p>The Moon blocks the photosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do irregular galaxies differ from elliptical and spiral galaxies?

<p>They lack a distinctive shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

<p>Communicating with cells, tissues, and organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of elliptical galaxies?

<p>Spherical or cucumber shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a physical change in matter?

<p>A change in state without altering composition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial process that allows a star to start functioning?

<p>Accumulation of mass for nuclear fusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to stars with many times the mass of the sun after the red supergiant phase?

<p>They become neutron stars or black holes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which astronomical diagram is useful for understanding the brightness, color, temperature, and size of stars?

<p>Hertzsprung Russell diagram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of star will our sun likely become after running out of hydrogen?

<p>White dwarf star (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the moon's visibility from Earth result from?

<p>Reflection of sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic helps determine the ultimate fate of a star?

<p>Mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is produced when stars run out of hydrogen and start fusing helium?

<p>Carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stars release energy during nuclear fusion?

<p>By emitting gamma rays and neutrinos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the color of light emitted by a star?

<p>Temperature of the star's core (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bright blue tinted stars change after running out of hydrogen fuel?

<p>They explode into supernovae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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