Questions and Answers
What was the age of Muhammad when he received the first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel?
40
What was the significance of the Constitution of Medina established by Muhammad during the Medinan period?
It was a set of rules for the Muslim community in Medina
Who was Muhammad's favorite wife and closest confidante?
Aisha bint Abu Bakr
What marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar?
Signup and view all the answers
Which battle was the first major battle between Muslims and the Quraysh tribe?
Signup and view all the answers
What marked the beginning of Islamic expansion beyond Arabia?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Muhammad
Meccan Period (610-622 CE)
- Received first revelation from Allah (God) through the angel Gabriel (Jibril) at age 40
- Initially preached in secret, but eventually publicly proclaimed his prophethood
- Faced opposition and persecution from the Quraysh tribe, who saw him as a threat to their power and traditional ways
- Small group of followers, including Abu Bakr and Umar, formed around him
Medinan Period (622-632 CE)
- Emigrated to Medina (Hijra) after persecution intensified in Mecca
- Established a new Muslim community and a constitution (Constitution of Medina) for the city
- Faced opposition from the Jewish tribes and the Quraysh, leading to several battles
- Eventually conquered Mecca (630 CE) and destroyed the idols in the Kaaba
Family and Wives
- Born to Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Aminah bint Wahb
- Married Khadija bint Khuwaylid, a successful businesswoman, at age 25
- Had several wives after Khadija's death, including:
- Sawda bint Zam'a
- Aisha bint Abu Bakr (favorite wife and closest confidante)
- Hafsa bint Umar
- Umm Salama bint Abu Umayya
- Zaynab bint Jahsh
- Juwayriya bint al-Harith
- Umm Habiba bint Abu Sufyan
- Safiyya bint Huyayy
- Maymunah bint al-Harith
Hijra (Emigration)
- Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE
- Marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar
- Significant event in Islamic history, as it marked the transformation of Islam from a persecuted minority to a thriving community
Conquests
- Battle of Badr (624 CE): First major battle between Muslims and the Quraysh tribe
- Battle of Uhud (625 CE): Muslims suffered a defeat, but Muhammad rallied his troops and regrouped
- Battle of the Trench (627 CE): Successfully defended Medina against a large Meccan army
- Conquest of Mecca (630 CE): Muhammad and his followers conquered Mecca, destroying the idols in the Kaaba
- Conquest of Tabuk (630 CE): Muhammad led a campaign against the Byzantine Empire, marking the beginning of Islamic expansion beyond Arabia
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
