Lietuvių kalbos veiksmažodžių linksniavimas

Study Notes

Verb Conjugation

Lithuanian verbs change endings based on tense, mood, person, and number, similar to other Indo-European languages.
Present tense often involves adding suffixes to the verb stem.
Past tense formation also uses suffixes, sometimes with stem changes.
Future tense frequently employs auxiliary verbs, similar to English.
Verbs have distinct conjugations for each person and number.
The infinitive form is essential for understanding verb conjugations, showing the base form and potential meaning.

Active and Passive Participles

Lithuanian has active and passive participles, derived from verbs.
Active participles describe actions performed by the subject.
Passive participles describe actions performed on the subject.
Active participles often end in "-antis/-anti" or "-ąs/-a" in the present tense; endings change in other tenses.
Passive participles have distinct forms to express passive actions connecting to the verb.
These participles function as adjectives, modifying nouns.
Participle forms change according to grammatical case, making usage context-dependent.

Active Participle Examples

Skaitytas knyga (a book that is read - nominative case active participle)
Skaityta knyga (a book which was read - accusative case)
Skaitytas knyga (a book which is being read - dative case)

Passive Participle Examples

Skaityta knyga (a book that was read - nominative case passive participle)
Skaitytai knygai (to a read book - dative active participle)

Key Differences between Active and Passive Participles

Active and passive participles have different endings.
Active participles highlight the actor, passive participles the receiver of the action.
Tense and aspect are crucial differences, indicating when the action occurred.

General Points on Lithuanian Verb Conjugation

The usage of past tense participles is vital for expressing action completion in various sentence structures.
Understanding the nuances of active and passive participles deepens comprehension of Lithuanian sentence structure and subtleties.

Description

Šis testas apima lietuvių kalbos veiksmažodžių linksniavimą, įskaitant esamą, praeities ir būsimą laiką. Taip pat nagrinėjamos aktyviosios ir pasyvinės dalyvės, jų struktūra ir vartojimas. Sužinokite, kaip šie elementai veikia sakiniuose.